Sekizawa J, Yasuhara K, Suyama Y, Yamanaka S, Tobe M, Nishimura M
National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
J Toxicol Sci. 1994 Feb;19(1):25-35. doi: 10.2131/jts.19.25.
A stepwise, simple screening test for skin and eye irritations, suitable for industrial chemicals or pesticides which are not required to be examined for their exact potential irritancy levels, was developed. The efficacy of the test was evaluated using 15 chemicals including typical irritants (acetic acid, ammonia, chloroacetic acid, dioxane, ethanolamine, formaldehyde, formic acid, hydrogen peroxide, phenol, phosphoric acid, propionic acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sulfuric acid, and trichloroacetic acid). Chemicals were chosen so as to represent irritants which act by different mechanisms (i.e., strongly acidic, alkaline, reactive to protein, oxidizing etc.). The method consisted of physicochemical tests and animal tests using rats, mice or guinea pigs, namely, a skin irritation test, an intradermal reaction test and an eye irritation test in a sequential manner such that further tests are not required if a positive result is obtained in earlier steps. Results obtained between two laboratories using this method were very similar. Comparison of our results with the data obtained by the conventional method using rabbits showed fairly good coincidence. The method was shown to be useful in assessing skin and eye irritation of chemicals and causes minimal suffering to animals.
开发了一种用于皮肤和眼睛刺激的逐步、简单的筛选试验，适用于无需检测其确切潜在刺激水平的工业化学品或农药。使用包括典型刺激物（乙酸、氨、氯乙酸、二氧六环、乙醇胺、甲醛、甲酸、过氧化氢、苯酚、磷酸、丙酸、氢氧化钠、次氯酸钠、硫酸和三氯乙酸）在内的15种化学品评估了该试验的有效性。选择这些化学品以代表通过不同机制起作用的刺激物（即强酸性、碱性、对蛋白质有反应、氧化性等）。该方法包括物理化学试验和使用大鼠、小鼠或豚鼠的动物试验，即依次进行皮肤刺激试验、皮内反应试验和眼睛刺激试验，以便如果在早期步骤中获得阳性结果，则无需进行进一步试验。两个实验室使用该方法获得的结果非常相似。将我们的结果与使用兔子的传统方法获得的数据进行比较，显示出相当好的一致性。该方法被证明可用于评估化学品对皮肤和眼睛的刺激，并且使动物遭受的痛苦最小。
