Villiger P M
Klinik B für Innere Medizin, Kantonsspital St. Gallen.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1994 May 21;124(20):857-66.
The immune and nervous systems have the capacity to modulate inflammatory processes in an additive, synergistic or antagonistic way. In addition to direct effects, feed-back systems connecting immune and nervous systems exist which provide the basis for a better understanding of the modulation of inflammatory reactions by the central nervous system (nervous as well as neuropsychological influences). It is well established that immunocompetent cells, but also endothelial, epithelial and mesenchymal cells induce and regulate inflammation by production of cytokines. However, the expression, synthesis and secretion of neuropeptides by cells of the immune system or even connective tissue cells has only been recognized recently. These findings indicate that non-neuronal cells in the periphery can feedback to the nervous system by secretion of neuropeptides (e.g. modulation of an afferent signal by interaction of peripherally produced neuropeptides with nerve endings). Nitrogen monoxide has recently been shown to act as an important mediator of inflammatory phenomena and to play an important role in neurotransmission. The rapidly accumulating knowledge of the nature metabolism of this highly reactive substance indicate new therapeutic options in the area of neuroimmunology.
免疫系统和神经系统有能力以相加、协同或拮抗的方式调节炎症过程。除了直接作用外，连接免疫系统和神经系统的反馈系统也存在，这为更好地理解中枢神经系统对炎症反应的调节（神经以及神经心理影响）提供了基础。众所周知，免疫活性细胞以及内皮细胞、上皮细胞和间充质细胞通过产生细胞因子来诱导和调节炎症。然而，免疫系统细胞甚至结缔组织细胞中神经肽的表达、合成和分泌直到最近才被认识到。这些发现表明，外周的非神经元细胞可以通过分泌神经肽反馈到神经系统（例如，外周产生的神经肽与神经末梢相互作用调节传入信号）。一氧化氮最近已被证明是炎症现象的重要介质，并在神经传递中起重要作用。对这种高反应性物质的性质代谢的迅速积累的知识表明了神经免疫学领域的新治疗选择。
