Eikelmann B, Reker T
Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993 Aug;88(2):124-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03425.x.
In Germany, the vocational rehabilitation of chronically mentally ill people is concentrated on the sheltered labour market, supplemented by special programmes for the care and reintegration of mentally ill people on the open labour market. Our investigation covered 502 representatively selected patients in sheltered employment (outpatient work therapy, firms for mentally ill people, workshops for the disabled). The sociodemographic, anamnestic and psychopathological data reveal that these are chronically mentally ill people with significant disabilities, making comprehensive social care and psychiatric treatment essential. Most of the subjects intend to remain in sheltered employment; only 20% hope to change to the open labour market. The level of subjective job satisfaction is surprisingly high despite generally inadequate pay, though it has to be pointed out that many long-term patients are presumably resigned to their circumstances. In conclusion, the relationship of the open labour market to sheltered employment is the subject of critical discussion.
在德国，慢性精神病患者的职业康复集中在庇护性劳动力市场，并辅以针对精神病患者在开放劳动力市场的护理和重新融入的特殊项目。我们的调查涵盖了502名从庇护性就业机构中代表性选取的患者（门诊工作治疗、精神病患者企业、残疾人车间）。社会人口统计学、既往史和精神病理学数据显示，这些都是有严重残疾的慢性精神病患者，因此全面的社会护理和精神病治疗至关重要。大多数受试者打算继续留在庇护性就业机构；只有20%的人希望转向开放劳动力市场。尽管总体薪酬普遍不足，但主观工作满意度水平出奇地高，不过必须指出的是，许多长期患者可能已安于现状。总之，开放劳动力市场与庇护性就业的关系是一个备受争议的话题。
