Ghiloni B W
Grant Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
Am Fam Physician. 1993 Oct;48(5):762-8.
Up to 20 percent of the U.S. population may have cholelithiasis, but most of these persons remain asymptomatic. If symptoms or complications develop, several potential management strategies may be used. Open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy are definitive surgical treatments. Nondefinitive methods, such as lithotripsy, indirect dissolution, direct dissolution, sphincterotomy and drainage, have lower success rates but may be indicated in specific cases. Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a relatively new technique, its morbidity and mortality rates are comparable to those of open cholecystectomy, and it tends to be less expensive than other surgical methods. For these reasons, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is rapidly becoming the surgical method of choice in the treatment of cholelithiasis.
高达20%的美国人口可能患有胆结石，但这些人中大多数没有症状。如果出现症状或并发症，可以采用几种潜在的治疗策略。开腹胆囊切除术和腹腔镜胆囊切除术是确定性的外科治疗方法。非确定性方法，如碎石术、间接溶解、直接溶解、括约肌切开术和引流术，成功率较低，但在特定情况下可能适用。虽然腹腔镜胆囊切除术是一种相对较新的技术，但其发病率和死亡率与开腹胆囊切除术相当，而且其费用往往比其他手术方法低。由于这些原因，腹腔镜胆囊切除术正迅速成为治疗胆结石的首选手术方法。
