Influence of socially desirable responding in a study of stress and substance abuse.

Socially desirable responding is the reluctance to admit unpopular beliefs or behavior in order to avoid making a negative impression. It poses a problem for researchers who rely on self-report of heavy drinking and drug use. The Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (SDS), which measures socially desirable responding, was administered to 1933 respondents in a general population survey. The relationships between SDS and various self-report measures were examined. SDS was not correlated with gender or race, it increased with greater age and decreased with higher socioeconomic status. With age and socioeconomic status controlled, SDS had a moderate negative relationship with alcohol and drug use, and a strong negative relationship with variables reflecting the expression of anger. Correlations between drinking/drug use and such variables as age, marital conflict, and stressful life events were not substantially changed by controlling for SDS. It was concluded that social desirability response bias probably results in underestimates of rates of heavy drinking and drug use, but does not compromise the study of predictors of heavy drinking or drug use.