Pigman E C, Karch D B, Scott J L
Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC.
Ann Emerg Med. 1993 Oct;22(10):1563-7. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81259-4.
Pressurized jet irrigation is commonly used to cleanse traumatic wounds but results in splatter of blood, a biohazard. Three inexpensive irrigation devices were compared to assess the degree of splatter produced: a 1.25-in. 18-gauge angiocath, an Irrijet Irrigation System with a 12.7-cm splash shield, and a Zerowet Splashield held directly against the wound (Zerowet-C) and held 4 to 10 cm from the wound, an incorrect technique (Zerowet-I).
A standard laceration was created in pieces of beef. This wound model was placed 1 m from the floor. Paper grid sheets were placed on the irrigator's face and chest. Six grid sheets were suspended at the 9:00, 12:00, and 3:00 positions 1 m from the wound model and 1 and 1.5 m from the floor to simulate exposure to nearby individuals. Two grid sheets were placed flat on the floor, at the 10:30 and 1:30 positions, 1 m from the base of the wound model stand. The study area was contained in a 3 x 2 x 2 m plastic sheet enclosure to prevent air drafts.
Ten irrigations were performed with the angiocath, Irrijet, Zerowet-I, and Zerowet-C. Each run used 200 mL methylene blue solution delivered with a 50-mL syringe by one-hand pressure. The methylene blue splatter on each of the grids was counted by size (diameter, less than 1 mm, more than 1 mm and less than 5 mm, more than 5 mm and less than 10 mm, and more than 10 mm).
There was significantly less splatter onto the irrigator's face and chest with Irrijet, Zerowet-I, and Zerowet-C. No facial splatter occurred with Zerowet-C. There was significantly less splatter at the 9:00 and 12:00 positions at both heights, and on the floor with Irrijet, Zerowet-I, and Zerowet-C. Less significant splatter difference was noted at the 3:00 position.
Irrijet, Zerowet-I, and Zerowet-C were superior to the angiocath in preventing splatter during this wound model irrigation. The correct use of Zerowet (Zerowet-C) was particularly effective in preventing splatter onto the irrigator's face.
加压喷射冲洗常用于清洁创伤伤口，但会导致血液飞溅，这是一种生物危害。比较了三种廉价的冲洗装置，以评估产生的飞溅程度：一个1.25英寸的18号血管内导管、一个带有12.7厘米防溅罩的Irrijet冲洗系统、一个直接贴在伤口上的Zerowet防溅罩（Zerowet-C）以及距离伤口4至10厘米的Zerowet防溅罩（这是一种错误技术，Zerowet-I）。
在牛肉块上制造标准撕裂伤。将这个伤口模型放置在距离地面1米处。在冲洗者的面部和胸部放置纸格板。六张纸格板分别悬挂在距离伤口模型1米、距离地面1米和1.5米的9点、12点和3点位置，以模拟附近人员可能受到的暴露。两张纸格板平放在地面上，位于距离伤口模型支架底部1米的10:30和1:30位置。研究区域用3×2×2米的塑料布围起来，以防止气流影响。
使用血管内导管、Irrijet、Zerowet-I和Zerowet-C进行十次冲洗。每次操作使用50毫升注射器单手加压注入200毫升亚甲蓝溶液。统计每个纸格板上亚甲蓝飞溅点的大小（直径小于1毫米、大于1毫米且小于5毫米、大于5毫米且小于10毫米、大于10毫米）。
使用Irrijet、Zerowet-I和Zerowet-C时，冲洗者面部和胸部的飞溅明显减少。使用Zerowet-C时面部无飞溅。在两个高度的9点和12点位置以及地面上，使用Irrijet、Zerowet-I和Zerowet-C时飞溅明显减少。在3点位置飞溅差异不太显著。
在这种伤口模型冲洗过程中，Irrijet、Zerowet-I和Zerowet-C在防止飞溅方面优于血管内导管。正确使用Zerowet（Zerowet-C）在防止冲洗者面部飞溅方面特别有效。
