Leibenluft E, Dial T H, Haviland M G, Pincus H A
Clinical Psychobiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993 Nov;50(11):896-904. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820230066006.
Data from a survey distributed to all full-time faculty in academic departments of psychiatry were used to examine possible sex differences in research activities and rank attainment among psychiatrists. A total of 1923 psychiatrists responded, 1564 men (81.3%) and 359 women (18.7%). Continuous dependent variables were analyzed by using analyses of covariance with the year graduated from medical school as a covariate. For categorical dependent variables, the sample was divided into four 10-year cohorts based on the year graduated from medical school, and differences between men and women were analyzed with chi 2 tests. Over the entire sample, men were more likely than women to have had research training, to have ever been principal investigators on peer-reviewed grants, to mentor research trainees, to be currently involved in research activities, and to meet defined criteria as a "researcher." Many gender differences remained significant after controlling for seniority and research training. In every cohort, the men had attained higher academic rank than the women. In general, differences in research activity and productivity were most marked in the youngest cohort. To ensure a rich talent pool for psychiatric research, efforts must be made to recruit and support researchers from among the increased number of women in psychiatry.
一项针对精神病学学术部门所有全职教员的调查数据被用于研究精神病医生在研究活动和职称晋升方面可能存在的性别差异。共有1923名精神病医生做出回应，其中男性1564人（81.3%），女性359人（18.7%）。连续型因变量采用协方差分析进行分析，将医学院毕业年份作为协变量。对于分类因变量，样本根据医学院毕业年份分为四个10年队列，采用卡方检验分析男女之间的差异。在整个样本中，男性比女性更有可能接受过研究培训，曾担任同行评审资助的首席研究员，指导研究学员，目前参与研究活动，并符合“研究人员”的既定标准。在控制资历和研究培训后，许多性别差异仍然显著。在每个队列中，男性的学术职称都高于女性。总体而言，研究活动和生产力的差异在最年轻的队列中最为明显。为确保精神病学研究拥有丰富的人才库，必须努力从越来越多的女性精神病医生中招募和支持研究人员。
