Spangler G, Grossmann K E
Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, FRG.
Child Dev. 1993 Oct;64(5):1439-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02962.x.
Attachment research has shown the emergence of individual differences in the security of infant-mother attachment during the first year of life as well as their importance for later social-emotional development. A biobehavioral perspective may help settle disagreements about the validity and interpretation of 12-month-old infants' different behavioral patterns of attachment assessed by Ainsworth's Strange Situation. It was shown that, despite less overt distress in insecure-avoidant infants after short separations from the mother, overall cardiac measures indicate arousal patterns similar to the secure infants during separation. However, differences in cardiac response emerged with regard to object versus person orientation during reunion. Additionally, findings of increased cortisol in both insecure-avoidant and disorganized infants support the theoretical interpretation that these infants, in contrast to secure infants, lack an appropriate coping strategy.
依恋研究表明，在生命的第一年，婴儿与母亲依恋的安全性会出现个体差异，以及这些差异对后期社会情感发展的重要性。生物行为学视角可能有助于解决有关通过安斯沃思陌生情境评估的12个月大婴儿不同依恋行为模式的有效性和解释的分歧。研究表明，尽管不安全回避型婴儿在与母亲短暂分离后明显的痛苦较少，但总体心脏指标显示，在分离期间他们的唤醒模式与安全型婴儿相似。然而，在重聚时，针对物体与人物定向的心脏反应出现了差异。此外，不安全回避型和混乱型婴儿皮质醇增加的研究结果支持了这样的理论解释，即与安全型婴儿相比，这些婴儿缺乏适当的应对策略。
