Perkins K A, Rohay J, Meilahn E N, Wing R R, Matthews K A, Kuller L H
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Health Psychol. 1993 Sep;12(5):410-5. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.12.5.410.
Diet, alcohol intake, and leisure-time physical activity were compared cross-sectionally in middle-aged female smokers, ex-smokers, and never smokers and were reassessed approximately 3 years later. At initial contact, there were no group differences in total caloric intake and very few differences in nutrient intake, but alcohol intake of current smokers and ex-smokers was at least 50% greater than that of never smokers, and current smokers reported less physical activity than did ex-smokers and never smokers. Prospective findings were similar: Compared with continuing smokers, ex-smokers did not change their dietary and alcohol intake but significantly increased physical activity. Thus, some adverse behaviors associated with smoking (e.g., alcohol intake) may be due to self-selection to history of smoking, whereas other behaviors (e.g., reduced physical activity) may be more directly related to smoking itself.
对中年女性吸烟者、曾经吸烟者和从不吸烟者的饮食、酒精摄入量和休闲时间身体活动进行了横断面比较，并在大约3年后重新评估。在初次接触时，总热量摄入方面没有组间差异，营养素摄入方面差异也很少，但当前吸烟者和曾经吸烟者的酒精摄入量比从不吸烟者至少高50%，并且当前吸烟者报告的身体活动比曾经吸烟者和从不吸烟者少。前瞻性研究结果相似：与持续吸烟者相比，曾经吸烟者没有改变他们的饮食和酒精摄入量，但显著增加了身体活动。因此，一些与吸烟相关的不良行为（如酒精摄入）可能是由于对吸烟史的自我选择，而其他行为（如身体活动减少）可能与吸烟本身更直接相关。
