Hallfrisch J, Muller D C
Metabolism Section, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224.
Exp Gerontol. 1993 Jul-Oct;28(4-5):473-83. doi: 10.1016/0531-5565(93)90072-l.
Standard advice from dietitians, nutritionists, and physicians is that if one eats a well-balanced diet containing a variety of foods, supplements are not necessary. Little information is available, especially in those over 75, to determine whether actual diets do provide adequate amounts of these minerals. The participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging provide seven-day records which include vitamin and mineral supplement intakes. Median daily dietary intakes from diet in all 564 subjects and from diet plus supplements in those who use them were analyzed by age group and gender. More women than men took supplements. Median intakes of calcium from diet were below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for unsupplemented women and for supplemented women over 60. Approximately 25% of women under 50 and 10% of women over 50 consumed less than two thirds of the RDA for iron from diet. For both men and women, all groups had median diet intakes below the RDA for magnesium. Forty percent of men and about half of women consumed less than two thirds of the RDA. These results indicate that many people in this well-educated, presumably well-nourished population did not consume adequate amounts of calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc from diet. More women than men are at risk. Even those taking supplements did not consume adequate levels of some minerals.
营养师、营养学家和医生给出的标准建议是，如果一个人的饮食均衡，包含各种食物，那么就不需要补充剂。目前几乎没有信息，尤其是关于75岁以上人群的信息，来确定实际饮食是否能提供足够量的这些矿物质。巴尔的摩纵向衰老研究的参与者提供了为期七天的记录，其中包括维生素和矿物质补充剂的摄入量。按年龄组和性别分析了所有564名受试者的饮食中每日膳食摄入量中位数，以及使用补充剂者饮食加补充剂的每日膳食摄入量中位数。服用补充剂的女性比男性多。未服用补充剂的女性以及60岁以上服用补充剂的女性，饮食中钙的摄入量中位数低于推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）。50岁以下约25%的女性和50岁以上10%的女性，饮食中铁的摄入量不到RDA的三分之二。对于男性和女性来说，所有组的饮食摄入量中位数均低于镁的RDA。40%的男性和约一半的女性摄入量不到RDA的三分之二。这些结果表明，在这个受过良好教育、推测营养状况良好的人群中，许多人从饮食中摄入的钙、铁、镁和锌量不足。面临风险的女性比男性多。即使是那些服用补充剂的人，某些矿物质的摄入量也不足。
