Gorwitz K, Dennis R
Public Health Rep. 1976 Mar-Apr;91(2):141-5.
The 1970 census reported that there were slightly more than 1 million nonwhites among Michigan's 8,875,000 residents. Ninety-five percent of these nonwhites are black, and 75 percent live within the city limits of Detroit, compared with 10 percent of the State's white residents. Between 1959-61 and 1969-71, life expectancy at birth increased about 1 year for black and white females, essentially remained unchanged for white males, and decreased more than 3 years for black males. In 1969-71, life expectancy was 61 years for black males, 68 years for white males, 69 years for black females, and 75 years for white females. Much of this growing disparity noted resulted from a dramatic rise in deaths of black males in the 15-44 year age group. Two-thirds of this increase was caused by a major rise in mortality from two causes--accidents and homicides. While death rates for black males decreased for a number of other leading causes, these generally remained higher than similar figures for each of the other three race-sex groups. Given current rates, one of eight black males in Michigan ultimately will die from an accident or from homicide. This probability is 1 of 17 for white males, 1 of 30 for white females, and 1 of 26 for nonwhite females. Homicides reduced the life expectancy of black males by 2.3 years, compared with 0.2 year for white males, less than 0.005 year for white females, and 0.5 year for black females. More than three-quarters of all homicides of black males in Michigan in 1973 were caused by handguns.
1970年的人口普查报告显示，密歇根州887.5万居民中，非白人略多于100万。这些非白人中有95%是黑人，其中75%居住在底特律市内，而该州白人居民只有10%居住在底特律市内。在1959 - 1961年至1969 - 1971年期间，黑人女性和白人女性的出生时预期寿命增加了约1岁，白人男性基本保持不变，而黑人男性减少了超过3岁。1969 - 1971年，黑人男性的预期寿命为61岁，白人男性为68岁，黑人女性为69岁，白人女性为75岁。这种日益扩大的差距很大程度上是由于15 - 44岁年龄组的黑人男性死亡人数急剧上升。这一增长的三分之二是由两种原因导致的死亡率大幅上升引起的——事故和凶杀。虽然黑人男性在其他一些主要死因上的死亡率有所下降，但总体上仍高于其他三个种族 - 性别群体的相应数字。按照目前的比率，密歇根州每八个黑人男性中最终会有一人死于事故或凶杀。白人男性的这一概率是十七分之一，白人女性是三十分之一，非白人女性是二十六分之一。凶杀使黑人男性的预期寿命减少了2.3岁，相比之下，白人男性减少了0.2岁，白人女性减少不到0.005岁，黑人女性减少了0.5岁。1973年密歇根州所有黑人男性凶杀案中，超过四分之三是由手枪导致的。
