Hughes K, Leong W P, Sothy S P, Lun K C, Yeo P P
Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore.
Int J Epidemiol. 1993 Aug;22(4):637-43. doi: 10.1093/ije/22.4.637.
In a cross-sectional random survey of the whole of Singapore (2143 subjects aged 18-69 years), cardiovascular risk factors were measured by standardized techniques. For the analysis in the 18-69 year age group there was adjustment for ethnic group, age, body mass index, alcohol consumption and physical activity. Among serum lipids, high density lipoprotein (HDL-) cholesterol and fasting triglyceride were inversely related with partial correlation coefficients (r) of males -0.34 (P < 0.001) and females -0.26 (P < 0.001). There were no relationships between blood pressure and serum lipids except for direct ones with fasting triglyceride, being males (systolic r = 0.06, P = 0.066 and diastolic r = 0.12, P < 0.001) and females (systolic r = 0.11, P < 0.001 and diastolic r = 0.13, P < 0.001). Cigarette smoking, in males, was related to systolic blood pressure (inversely), with, compared to non-smokers, a reduction of 1.3 mm Hg (1.1%) in light smokers, 3.8 mm Hg (3.1%) in moderate smokers and 4.6 mm Hg (3.7%) in heavy smokers; there was no clear relation with diastolic blood pressure. Cigarette smoking, in males, was related to HDL-cholesterol (inversely), even after further adjustment for fasting triglyceride, with compared to non-smokers reductions of 0.03 mmol/l (3.4%) in light smokers, 0.09 mmol/l (10.3%) in moderate smokers and 0.12 mmol/l (13.8%) in heavy smokers. Cigarette smoking was related to fasting triglyceride (directly) but this was removed by further adjustment for HDL-cholesterol. Cigarette smoking was not related to low density lipoprotein cholesterol. These results are compared to those of other surveys.
在一项对新加坡全体人口的横断面随机调查中（2143名年龄在18至69岁之间的受试者），采用标准化技术测量心血管危险因素。对于18至69岁年龄组的分析，对种族、年龄、体重指数、饮酒量和身体活动进行了校正。在血脂方面，高密度脂蛋白（HDL-）胆固醇和空腹甘油三酯呈负相关，男性的偏相关系数（r）为-0.34（P < 0.001），女性为-0.26（P < 0.001）。除了与空腹甘油三酯有直接关系外，血压与血脂之间没有其他关系，男性（收缩压r = 0.06，P = 0.066；舒张压r = 0.12，P < 0.001），女性（收缩压r = 0.11，P < 0.001；舒张压r = 0.13，P < 0.001）。男性吸烟与收缩压相关（呈负相关），与不吸烟者相比，轻度吸烟者收缩压降低1.3 mmHg（1.1%），中度吸烟者降低3.8 mmHg（3.1%），重度吸烟者降低4.6 mmHg（3.7%）；与舒张压没有明显关系。男性吸烟与HDL胆固醇相关（呈负相关），即使在进一步校正空腹甘油三酯后依然如此，与不吸烟者相比，轻度吸烟者降低0.03 mmol/l（3.4%），中度吸烟者降低0.09 mmol/l（10.3%），重度吸烟者降低0.12 mmol/l（13.8%）。吸烟与空腹甘油三酯相关（呈正相关），但在进一步校正HDL胆固醇后这种关系消失。吸烟与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇无关。这些结果与其他调查结果进行了比较。
