Hughes K, Yeo P P, Lun K C, Thai A C, Sothy S P, Wang K W, Cheah J S, Phoon W O, Lim P
National University of Singapore, Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 1990 Mar;44(1):29-35. doi: 10.1136/jech.44.1.29.
The aim of the study was to examine cardiovascular risk factors to see how these might explain differences in cardiovascular disease mortality among Chinese, Malays, and Indians in the Republic of Singapore.
The study was a population based cross sectional survey. Stratified systematic sampling of census districts, reticulated units, and houses was used. The proportions of Malay and Indian households were increased to improve statistical efficiency, since about 75% of the population is Chinese.
Subjects were recruited from all parts of the Republic of Singapore.
2143 subjects aged 18 to 69 years were recruited (representing 60.3% of persons approached). There were no differences in response rate between the sexes and ethnic groups.
Data on cardiovascular risk factors were collected by questionnaire. Measurements were made of blood pressure, serum cholesterol, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting triglycerides and plasma glucose. In males the age adjusted cigarette smoking rate was higher in Malays (53.3%) than in Chinese (37.4%) or Indians (44.5%). In both sexes, Malays had higher age adjusted mean systolic blood pressure: males 124.6 mm Hg v 121.2 mm Hg (Chinese) and 121.2 mm Hg (Indians); females 122.8 mm Hg v 117.3 mm Hg (Chinese) and 118.4 mm Hg (Indians). Serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride showed no ethnic differences. Mean high density lipoprotein cholesterol in males (age adjusted) was lower in Indians (0.69 mmol/litre) than in Chinese (0.87 mmol/litre) and Malays (0.82 mmol/litre); in females the mean value of 0.95 mmol/litre in Indians was lower than in Chinese (1.05 mmol/litre) and Malays (1.03 mmol/litre). Rank prevalence of diabetes for males was Indians (highest), Malays and then Chinese; for females it was Malays, Indians, Chinese.
The higher mortality from ischaemic heart disease found in Indians in Singapore cannot be explained by the major risk factors of cigarette smoking, blood pressure and serum cholesterol; lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher rates of diabetes may be part of the explanation. The higher systolic blood pressures in Malays may explain their higher hypertensive disease mortality.
本研究旨在调查心血管危险因素，以了解这些因素如何解释新加坡共和国华人、马来人和印度人心血管疾病死亡率的差异。
本研究为基于人群的横断面调查。采用了对普查区、网状单元和房屋的分层系统抽样方法。由于约75%的人口为华人，因此增加了马来人和印度人家庭的比例以提高统计效率。
研究对象来自新加坡共和国各地。
招募了2143名年龄在18至69岁之间的研究对象（占被邀请者的60.3%）。性别和种族群体之间的应答率没有差异。
通过问卷调查收集心血管危险因素的数据。测量了血压、血清胆固醇、低密度和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹甘油三酯和血浆葡萄糖。在男性中，按年龄调整后的吸烟率，马来人（53.3%）高于华人（37.4%）或印度人（44.5%）。在男女两性中，马来人的按年龄调整后的平均收缩压较高：男性为124.6毫米汞柱，华人及印度人为121.2毫米汞柱；女性为122.8毫米汞柱，华人为117.3毫米汞柱，印度人为118.4毫米汞柱。血清胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯没有种族差异。男性中，按年龄调整后的平均高密度脂蛋白胆固醇，印度人（0.69毫摩尔/升）低于华人（0.87毫摩尔/升）和马来人（0.82毫摩尔/升）；在女性中，印度人的平均值0.95毫摩尔/升低于华人（1.05毫摩尔/升）和马来人（1.03毫摩尔/升）。男性糖尿病的排名患病率为印度人（最高）、马来人，然后是华人；女性则是马来人、印度人、华人。
新加坡印度人缺血性心脏病死亡率较高，无法用吸烟、血压和血清胆固醇等主要危险因素来解释；高密度脂蛋白胆固醇较低和糖尿病发病率较高可能是部分原因。马来人较高的收缩压可能解释了他们较高的高血压疾病死亡率。
