Hollinger L M, Buschmann M B
Rush University, College of Nursing, Chicago, IL 60612.
Int J Nurs Stud. 1993 Oct;30(5):445-61. doi: 10.1016/0020-7489(93)90054-x.
The purpose of this study was to examine which factors influence the perceptions of touch by elderly nursing home residents and their health caregivers. A random sample of residents (n = 100) and a convenience sample of health caregivers (n = 100) were selected from two nursing homes. The five variables of interest were as follows: staff status; type of touch; area of the body touched; resident's locus of control; and resident's functional level. Vignettes were developed from combinations of variables which described a touch interaction between a resident and caregiver. To determine the main effects of the five variables of interest, fractional factorial analyses of variance were performed. Resident's locus of control appeared to be the most influential factor affecting residents' and caregivers' perceptions of touch. Touch was experienced as positive when it was appropriate to the situation, did not impose greater intimacy than desired, and did not impart a condescending message. Negative touch situations often involved some procedure used in a manner considered "intimate" or when discrepant with the needs of the individual. A conceptual model of interpersonal touch is described and recommendations for further study are discussed.
本研究的目的是考察哪些因素会影响老年疗养院居民及其健康护理人员对触摸的认知。从两家疗养院中选取了居民的随机样本（n = 100）和健康护理人员的便利样本（n = 100）。五个感兴趣的变量如下：工作人员身份；触摸类型；被触摸的身体部位；居民的控制点；以及居民的功能水平。通过变量组合构建了描述居民与护理人员之间触摸互动的情景描述。为了确定五个感兴趣变量的主要影响，进行了分数析因方差分析。居民的控制点似乎是影响居民和护理人员对触摸认知的最具影响力的因素。当触摸符合情境、没有施加比期望更大的亲密感且没有传递屈尊俯就的信息时，触摸被体验为积极的。负面的触摸情况通常涉及以被认为“亲密”的方式使用的某些程序，或者与个体需求不符时。描述了人际触摸的概念模型，并讨论了进一步研究的建议。
