Idler E L
Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-5070.
J Gerontol. 1993 Nov;48(6):S289-300. doi: 10.1093/geronj/48.6.s289.
Do older people tend to exaggerate their health problems? Or do they downplay them? Do such tendencies change as people age? Are they a function of cohort membership? Or are differences in health perceptions among elderly people due to differences in survivorship within the elderly cohorts? These questions are examined with longitudinal data from the Yale Health and Aging Project, a stratified probability sample of elderly persons in New Haven, Connecticut. Complete health assessments are available for 2,583 community residents 65 and older in 1982, and complete follow-up date are available for 1,319 respondents in 1988. Multivariate regressions of self-assessed health on concurrent 1982 and 1988 objective health status and longitudinal analysis of residual values from these equations show that: (a) older survey respondents gave disproportionately positive health assessments, and (b) processes of aging, selective survivorship, and cohort differences all appear to play a role in creating this pattern.
老年人是否倾向于夸大他们的健康问题？还是会淡化这些问题？随着人们年龄的增长，这些倾向会改变吗？它们是群体成员身份的一种作用吗？或者老年人健康认知的差异是由于老年群体中生存情况的差异？这些问题通过耶鲁健康与衰老项目的纵向数据进行研究，该项目是康涅狄格州纽黑文市老年人的分层概率样本。1982年有2583名65岁及以上的社区居民进行了完整的健康评估，1988年有1319名受访者有完整的随访数据。对1982年和1988年同时期的自我评估健康状况与客观健康状况进行多变量回归分析，并对这些方程的残差值进行纵向分析，结果表明：（a）年龄较大的调查受访者给出了不成比例的积极健康评估，（b）衰老过程、选择性生存和群体差异似乎都在形成这种模式中发挥了作用。
