Coronary revascularization after myocardial infarction in the very elderly: outcomes and long-term follow-up.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the outcome of very elderly patients who had coronary revascularization during hospitalization for an acute myocardial infarction.

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING

Community-based tertiary-care teaching hospital.

PATIENTS

A total of 1215 consecutive patients 80 years and older were hospitalized with a myocardial infarction between 1985 and 1990. The study sample included all 93 patients (8%) who had cardiac catheterization before discharge and had not been excluded from study because of the following: severe valvular disease, absence of significant coronary disease, or death before a decision about revascularization could be made.

MEASUREMENTS

Survival, quality of life, and functional status at least 1 year after discharge.

RESULTS

After catheterization, 41 patients had angioplasty, 18 had coronary artery bypass surgery, and 34 did not have revascularization. Among the patients alive at discharge, those who had revascularization had a high likelihood of achieving a good or excellent quality of life (angioplasty, 86% [31 of 36]; surgery, 89% [16 of 18]; medical therapy, 44% [11 of 25]) and of being able to care for themselves (angioplasty, 89% [32 of 36], surgery, 89% [16 of 18], medical therapy, 52% [13 of 25]). Mortality rates at 1 year were 24% (95% CI, 15% to 47%) for the angioplasty group, 6% (CI, 0% to 27%) for the surgery group, and 44% (CI, 27% to 62%) for the medical therapy group. In a Cox proportional hazards model that adjusted for clinical, demographic, hemodynamic, and anatomic differences between the groups, the performance of coronary revascularization was associated with increased survival (hazard ratio, 0.42; CI, 0.18 to 0.98).

CONCLUSIONS

A small percentage of very elderly patients with complicated acute myocardial infarctions, selected by their physicians for invasive cardiovascular procedures, can tolerate these procedures, avoid serious complications, return to independent living, and have excellent probability of survival. Although our results suggest that coronary revascularization may have benefited these patients, the study design did not permit definite conclusions, and future studies are needed to resolve this important question.