Basdevant A, Craplet C, Guy-Grand B
Department of Internal Medicine and Nutrition, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France.
Appetite. 1993 Aug;21(1):17-23. doi: 10.1006/appe.1993.1033.
Snacking patterns were studied in 273 obese women by dietary history. Snacking was observed in 60% of the sample and occurred mainly during the afternoon. Total daily energy intake was higher in snackers than in non-snackers because of greater consumption of food at meals and between meals. A variety of foods were consumed as snacks (mean macronutrient content of snacks: 52% carbohydrate (CHO), 37% lipid and 12% proteins). CHO-rich protein-free snacks were a minority (20%). Only 7% of subjects were CHO-rich protein-free snackers. The eating pattern described by Wurtman in "carbohydrate cravers" was reported by less than 10% of these women. We conclude that, in Paris, snacking plays an important role in increasing energy consumption in obese women but macronutrient-specific snacking is not frequent.
通过饮食史对273名肥胖女性的零食摄入模式进行了研究。60%的样本存在零食摄入情况，且主要发生在下午。由于正餐和两餐之间食物摄入量更大，零食摄入者的每日总能量摄入量高于非零食摄入者。作为零食摄入的食物种类繁多（零食的平均宏量营养素含量：52%碳水化合物（CHO）、37%脂质和12%蛋白质）。富含CHO且不含蛋白质的零食占少数（20%）。只有7%的受试者是富含CHO且不含蛋白质的零食摄入者。这些女性中不到10%的人具有Wurtman在“碳水化合物渴望者”中描述的饮食模式。我们得出结论，在巴黎，零食摄入在增加肥胖女性的能量消耗方面起着重要作用，但特定宏量营养素的零食摄入并不常见。
