Zizza Claire A, Tayie Francis A, Lino Mark
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2007 May;107(5):800-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2007.02.002.
Because energy intakes decline with age, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of snacking on energy intakes and energy density in older adults.
Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 were used to compare the diets of snackers and nonsnackers.
This study included 2,002 adults aged 65 years and older.
All statistical analyses accounted for the survey design and sample weights. Linear regression was used to estimate energy and energy-yielding nutrient intakes, eating occasions, energy intake per eating occasions, and energy density of eating occasions.
The prevalence of snacking was high (84%) among this age group, and snackers had significantly higher daily intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, and total fat. Alcohol intakes were not significantly different. For those who snacked, it contributed almost a quarter of their energy and carbohydrate intakes and a fifth of their daily fat intakes. Snacking contributed 14% of their daily protein intakes. Snackers had, on average, two and a half snacking occasions per day, with each snacking occasion contributing 150 kcal. The average energy contribution of meals was not different between snackers and nonsnackers. The energy density of meals is significantly greater for snackers than for nonsnackers.
Results from this study demonstrate that snacking is an important dietary behavior among older adults. Whereas snacking may promote energy imbalance resulting in obesity among other age groups, our results suggest snacking may ensure older adults consume diets adequate in energy.
由于能量摄入会随着年龄增长而下降，本研究旨在评估零食摄入对老年人能量摄入和能量密度的影响。
使用1999 - 2002年国家健康和营养检查调查的24小时饮食回忆数据，比较吃零食者和不吃零食者的饮食情况。
本研究纳入了2002名65岁及以上的成年人。
所有统计分析均考虑了调查设计和样本权重。采用线性回归来估计能量及产能营养素摄入量、进食次数、每次进食的能量摄入量以及进食的能量密度。
该年龄组中吃零食的比例很高（84%），吃零食者的每日能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物和总脂肪摄入量显著更高。酒精摄入量无显著差异。对于吃零食的人来说，零食提供了其近四分之一的能量和碳水化合物摄入量以及五分之一的每日脂肪摄入量。零食提供了其每日蛋白质摄入量的14%。吃零食者平均每天有2.5次吃零食的机会，每次吃零食提供150千卡能量。吃零食者和不吃零食者正餐的平均能量贡献没有差异。吃零食者正餐的能量密度显著高于不吃零食者。
本研究结果表明，吃零食是老年人重要的饮食行为。虽然吃零食可能会在其他年龄组中导致能量失衡进而引发肥胖，但我们的结果表明，吃零食可能确保老年人摄入足够的能量。
