Ikenoue T, Ikeda T, Ibara S, Otake M, Schull W J
Perinatal Medical Center, Kagoshima Municipal Hospital, Japan.
Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):53-7. doi: 10.1289/ehp.93101s253.
We performed two studies to investigate environmental factors in relation to neurological development in infants. The first, a field study, examined the elementary school performance of 929 children who were born from mothers exposed to the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan, August 6, 1945. The most severe mental retardation was observed in the group exposed between 8 and 15 weeks following fertilization, and the second most severely damaged group was exposed between 16 and 25 weeks. The second, a clinical investigation, examined infants in the perinatal center who survived intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Those who survived with abnormal neurological development had a mean growth arrest corresponding to a uterine height of 27 weeks of gestation. This was at an earlier stage than those who survived with normal neurological development and had a mean growth arrest corresponding to 29-30 weeks of gestation. A smaller head circumference at birth was closely correlated with abnormal neurological sequelae. These results indicate that the brain development of the fetuses may have been affected by neurotoxic events similar to ionizing radiation. We emphasize the importance of avoiding neurotoxic stress to pregnant women when the fetus is in the critical period of neuronal development, before 27 weeks of gestational age.
我们开展了两项研究，以调查与婴儿神经发育相关的环境因素。第一项是一项实地研究，调查了929名于1945年8月6日其母亲在日本广岛原子弹爆炸中受到辐射的儿童的小学成绩。在受精后8至15周受到辐射的组中观察到最严重的智力迟钝，第二严重受损组是在16至25周受到辐射的。第二项是一项临床研究，调查了在围产期中心出生并在宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）中存活下来的婴儿。那些神经发育异常的存活婴儿平均生长停滞相当于妊娠27周时的子宫高度。这比那些神经发育正常且平均生长停滞相当于妊娠29至30周的存活婴儿所处阶段更早。出生时较小的头围与异常神经后遗症密切相关。这些结果表明，胎儿的大脑发育可能受到了类似于电离辐射的神经毒性事件的影响。我们强调，在胎儿处于神经元发育关键期（妊娠27周之前）时，避免孕妇遭受神经毒性应激的重要性。
