Kuster N
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich.
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1993 Jul;40(7):611-20. doi: 10.1109/10.237691.
The three-dimensional implementation of the multiple multipole (MMP) method, based on the generalized multipole technique (GMT), is presented. Its performance in simulating electromagnetic problems involving biological bodies is analyzed. In particular, the step-by-step simulation technique and the built-in procedures to validate the solution on numerical basis are discussed and demonstrated in two examples. A comparison is made with other numerical techniques often applied in this field. The advantages of the MMP method are shown to be in its validation capability, in its efficiency for smoothly shaped bodies and in the achievable accuracy, in particular near boundaries. The method is especially suited to handle high-gradient fields in the vicinity of biological bodies. On the other hand, finite difference (FD) techniques are superior for scatterers with complicated angular shapes or inhomogeneous bodies, for which MMP shows rather strong practical limitations. However, in most cases the inhomogeneities of biological bodies modify the field distribution only locally beyond the uncertainties of models. In these cases, inhomogeneities can be stimulated efficiently and with high accuracy by MMP applying the block iterative technique. Other methods are not general enough to compete with FD or MMP in solving EM problems involving biological tissues.
本文介绍了基于广义多极子技术（GMT）的多重多极子（MMP）方法的三维实现。分析了其在模拟涉及生物体的电磁问题中的性能。特别是，通过两个例子讨论并演示了逐步模拟技术以及在数值基础上验证解的内置程序。与该领域常用的其他数值技术进行了比较。结果表明，MMP方法的优点在于其验证能力、对形状光滑物体的效率以及可实现的精度，特别是在边界附近。该方法特别适合处理生物体附近的高梯度场。另一方面，有限差分（FD）技术对于具有复杂角形状或不均匀体的散射体更具优势，而MMP在这些情况下存在相当大的实际局限性。然而，在大多数情况下，生物体的不均匀性仅在局部范围内改变场分布，超出了模型的不确定性。在这些情况下，通过应用块迭代技术的MMP可以高效且高精度地模拟不均匀性。在解决涉及生物组织的电磁问题时，其他方法不够通用，无法与FD或MMP竞争。
