Mawn V B, Fleischer A B
Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993 Dec;29(6):959-62. doi: 10.1016/0190-9622(93)70274-w.
Although cosmetic tanning and unprotected solar exposure are common, little is known about general attitudes, beliefs, and behavior regarding sunbathing, sunscreen use, and tanning salon use.
We sought to determine the frequency of UV exposure in a select sample and to assess the knowledge and beliefs of the effects of UV irradiation.
A written, anonymous questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 477 persons in a shopping mall, at a social gathering, and on a vacation cruise ship. The instrument explored demographic information, sunscreen use, sunbathing habits, tanning bed use, and cutaneous solar effects.
Forty-two percent of respondents seldom or never used sunscreen, and 33% sunbathed at least once a week. Although the three sample populations differed in education, sunbathing habits, sunscreen use, and tanning bed use, they were equally informed about UV light hazards. Compared with those who had not used tanning beds, tanning bed users were more likely to be female and more knowledgeable about the long-term effects of UV. Tanning beds were most commonly used in tanning or hair salons, (mean 23 +/- 7 minutes at 2.3 +/- 1.1 times per week). Reported positive psychologic sequelae from tanning bed use were more common than negative physical sequelae. At least 10% would continue to use tanning beds if these were proved to cause skin cancer.
In this select sample, sunbathing and tanning bed use were common. No group surveyed universally practiced sun protection and avoidance. Clientele of tanning beds may be aware of the damaging effects of the sun, but may not be aware that tanning bed use is associated with skin damage.
尽管美容美黑和无防护的日光暴露很常见，但对于日光浴、使用防晒霜和去美黑沙龙的总体态度、观念及行为却知之甚少。
我们试图确定特定样本中紫外线暴露的频率，并评估对紫外线辐射影响的知识和观念。
向在购物中心、社交聚会和度假游轮上的477人样本发放了一份书面匿名问卷。该问卷探究了人口统计学信息、防晒霜使用情况、日光浴习惯、美黑床使用情况以及皮肤的日光效应。
42%的受访者很少或从不使用防晒霜，33%的人每周至少进行一次日光浴。尽管这三个样本群体在教育程度、日光浴习惯、防晒霜使用和美黑床使用方面存在差异，但他们对紫外线危害的了解程度相同。与未使用美黑床的人相比，使用美黑床的人更可能为女性，且对紫外线的长期影响了解更多。美黑床最常在美黑或美发沙龙使用（平均每次23±7分钟，每周2.3±1.1次）。报告称使用美黑床产生的积极心理后遗症比负面身体后遗症更常见。如果证明美黑床会导致皮肤癌，至少10%的人仍会继续使用。
在这个特定样本中，日光浴和美黑床使用很常见。没有一个被调查群体普遍采取防晒和避免措施。美黑床的顾客可能意识到了阳光的有害影响，但可能没有意识到使用美黑床与皮肤损伤有关。
