Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip: analysis of the Princess Margaret Hospital experience.

We reviewed 117 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lip who were treated at the Princess Margaret Hospital between 1976 and 1985. Ninety-eight cancers arose from the lower lip, 18 from the upper lip and 1 from the commissure. Two patients had lymph node metastases at presentation. Sixty-one patients were treated with radiation therapy following a biopsy, 28 underwent surgery followed by post-operative radiation, and 28 had surgery alone. With a median follow-up time of 5.4 years, the 5-year actuarial overall and cause-specific survival rates were 81% and 99%, respectively. Local failure developed in 4 patients after radiation treatment, 3 of whom were salvaged by surgery. Six patients developed regional metastases after initial treatment, 4 of whom were salvaged with surgery and/or radiotherapy. Two patients died from lip cancer. After a univariate analysis, the only factor which predicted for nodal failure was T stage of the primary lesion, with a 4% risk of nodal failure for T1 lesions vs. 20% for T2/3 lesions (p = 0.03). No other patient, tumour or treatment variables influenced loco-regional control or survival in a statistically significant manner. Cosmetic and functional outcome were evaluated in 8 patients whose radiation treatments were administered 13 years ago. No patients had compromised lip function, and the majority had minimal cosmetic sequelae from their radiation therapy. Based on the excellent results of this review, we would continue to recommend radiation therapy as an effective treatment modality for patients with lip cancer because of the ease by which the entire tumour can be encompassed whilst maintaining excellent cosmetic and functional outcome.