Hill D W
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton.
Sports Med. 1993 Oct;16(4):237-54. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199316040-00003.
The basis of the critical power concept is that there is a hyperbolic relationship between power output and the time that the power output can be sustained. The relationship can be described based on the results of a series of 3 to 7 or more timed all-out predicting trials. Theoretically, the power asymptote of the relationship, CP (critical power), can be sustained without fatigue; in fact, exhaustion occurs after about 30 to 60 minutes of exercise at CP. Nevertheless, CP is related to the fatigue threshold, the ventilatory and lactate thresholds, and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), and it provides a measure of aerobic fitness. The second parameter of the relationship, AWC (anaerobic work capacity), is related to work performed in a 30-second Wingate test, work in intermittent high-intensity exercise, and oxygen deficit, and it provides a measure of anaerobic capacity. The accuracy of the parameter estimates may be enhanced by careful selection of the power outputs for the predicting trials and by performing a greater number of trials. These parameters provide fitness measures which are mode-specific, combine energy production and mechanical efficiency in 1 variable, and do not require the use of expensive equipment or invasive procedures. However, the attractiveness of the critical power concept diminishes if too many predicting trials are required for generation of parameter estimates with a reasonable degree of accuracy.
临界功率概念的基础是功率输出与功率输出可持续的时间之间存在双曲线关系。这种关系可以根据一系列3至7次或更多次定时全力预测试验的结果来描述。从理论上讲，这种关系的功率渐近线，即CP（临界功率），可以在无疲劳的情况下维持；实际上，在以CP进行约30至60分钟的运动后会出现疲劳。然而，CP与疲劳阈值、通气阈值和乳酸阈值以及最大摄氧量（VO2max）相关，并且它提供了一种有氧适能的衡量指标。该关系的第二个参数，AWC（无氧工作能力），与30秒温盖特试验中的工作、间歇性高强度运动中的工作以及氧亏相关，并且它提供了一种无氧能力的衡量指标。通过仔细选择预测试验的功率输出并进行更多次数的试验，可以提高参数估计的准确性。这些参数提供了特定于运动模式的适能衡量指标，将能量产生和机械效率结合在一个变量中，并且不需要使用昂贵的设备或侵入性程序。然而，如果需要太多的预测试验才能以合理的准确度生成参数估计值，那么临界功率概念的吸引力就会降低。
