Elder M J, De Cock R
St. John Ophthalmic Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
Eye (Lond). 1993;7 ( Pt 4):580-3. doi: 10.1038/eye.1993.126.
A study of all the schools for the blind in the West Bank and Gaza Strip was undertaken during 1991-2. Two hundred and five children had a complete ophthalmic examination. This represented 94% of all children aged 5-15 years attending schools for the blind. According to WHO categories of visual loss, 63% were blind and 21% had severe visual impairment. The main causes of blindness and severe visual loss were retinal (52%), optic atrophy (12%), glaucoma (9%) and cataract (7%). Common retinal diseases included degenerative myopia, Leber's congenital amaurosis, cone dystrophy and retinitis pigmentosa. Depending on the locality, 44-85% of these children were the product of a consanguineous marriage and a positive family history was present in 57%. The minimum prevalence of childhood blindness was estimated to be 0.32/1000 children. A reduction in the prevalence of blindness requires a reduction in consanguineous marriages, genetic counselling for affected families and public health measures to ensure early referral for management of cataract and glaucoma.
1991年至1992年期间，对约旦河西岸和加沙地带的所有盲人学校进行了一项研究。205名儿童接受了全面的眼科检查。这占所有5至15岁在盲人学校就读儿童的94%。根据世界卫生组织的视力丧失分类，63%为盲人，21%有严重视力损害。失明和严重视力丧失的主要原因是视网膜疾病（52%）、视神经萎缩（12%）、青光眼（9%）和白内障（7%）。常见的视网膜疾病包括变性近视、莱伯先天性黑矇、视锥细胞营养不良和视网膜色素变性。根据当地情况，这些儿童中有44%至85%是近亲结婚的产物，57%有阳性家族史。儿童失明的最低患病率估计为每1000名儿童中有0.32例。降低失明患病率需要减少近亲结婚、为受影响家庭提供遗传咨询以及采取公共卫生措施，以确保早期转诊治疗白内障和青光眼。
