Vallar G, Papagno C
Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma La Sapienza.
Cortex. 1993 Sep;29(3):467-83. doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(13)80254-7.
We report the study of a 23-year-old Italian girl, FF, with Down's syndrome (trisomy 21). FF showed a remarkably good developmental acquisition of Italian language and vocabulary and was able to learn English and French, although the latter with less proficiency. FF showed an entirely preserved function of the phonological short-term store and articulatory rehearsal components of verbal short-term memory. By contrast, she was impaired in a wide range of tasks assessing verbal and non-verbal reasoning, visuo-spatial perception and memory, and verbal long-term memory. These findings, in line with evidence from brain-damaged patients, normal subjects and children, suggest that phonological short-term memory plays a crucial role in vocabulary acquisition, which may occur in the presence of substantial deficits of general intelligence and episodic memory.
我们报告了对一名患有唐氏综合征（21三体）的23岁意大利女孩FF的研究。FF在意大利语语言和词汇的发展习得方面表现出色，并且能够学习英语和法语，尽管在学习法语时熟练程度稍低。FF在语音短期存储和言语短期记忆的发音复述组件方面功能完全保留。相比之下，她在一系列评估言语和非言语推理、视觉空间感知和记忆以及言语长期记忆的任务中存在缺陷。这些发现与脑损伤患者、正常受试者和儿童的证据一致，表明语音短期记忆在词汇习得中起着关键作用，这可能在一般智力和情景记忆存在实质性缺陷的情况下发生。
