Force-time characteristics of the rowing stroke and corresponding physiological muscle adaptations.

The force-time characteristics of the rowing stroke was examined in a coxless pair. Sixteen highly trained rowers were evaluated in their usual training positions (stroke or bow). Stroke rowers had higher stroke speed and stroke force in the first part of the stroke than bow rowers. This finding was more prominent during competition speed rowing than during endurance training. Higher blood lactate levels and lower base excess were found at both speeds in stroke rowers. During and incremental ergometer rowing test, lactate performance curves were shifted to the left in the stroke rowers. Analysis of morphometric data in the left deltoid muscle demonstrated higher FT fiber content and lower oxidative fiber capacity and fiber areas in the stroke rowers. The results demonstrate adaptation to years of training in a specific boat position.