Brüssow H, Rahim H, Barclay D, Freire W B, Dirren H
Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Lausanne, Switzerland.
J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 1993 Sep;11(3):137-42.
Risk factors associated with diarrhoea, based on the recall of a recent episode were evaluated from a cross-sectional national nutrition and health study in 1,620 Ecuadorian children less than 5 years old. Prevalence of diarrhoea varied with the age of the children; 6- to 23-months-old children showed the highest prevalence. In this age range the prevalence of diarrhoea was significantly associated with hygienic factors (quality of drinking water, sanitation and refuse system), but not with demographic factors (sex, altitude, population density, family size). The nutritional status of the children was determined by anthropometry and blood chemistry. After stratification for sanitation levels, a low weight-for-age Z-score and low serum retinol and zinc concentrations showed a statistically significant (p < or = 0.06) association with diarrhoea prevalence only in children living under better hygienic conditions. Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between both sanitation levels and nutritional level as defined by anthropometry, but not by blood chemistry, and diarrhoea prevalence.
基于对近期腹泻发作情况的回忆，在一项针对1620名5岁以下厄瓜多尔儿童的全国性营养与健康横断面研究中，评估了与腹泻相关的风险因素。腹泻患病率随儿童年龄而异；6至23个月大的儿童患病率最高。在这个年龄范围内，腹泻患病率与卫生因素（饮用水质量、卫生设施和垃圾处理系统）显著相关，但与人口统计学因素（性别、海拔、人口密度、家庭规模）无关。通过人体测量和血液化学分析来确定儿童的营养状况。在按卫生水平分层后，仅在卫生条件较好地区生活的儿童中，年龄别体重Z评分低、血清视黄醇和锌浓度低与腹泻患病率呈现出统计学显著关联（p≤0.06）。多变量分析显示，卫生水平和通过人体测量而非血液化学分析所定义的营养水平与腹泻患病率之间存在显著关联。
