Thust R
Arch Geschwulstforsch. 1976;46(7):538-48.
A survey is presented about the current state of the efforts to the development of rapid screening systems for carcinogenic substances by means of mammalian cells in vitro. At present two fundamental ways for the realization of this task seem possible: a) So-called host-mediated assays which are a combination of carcinogen application into intact animals (possibly pregnant animals) and succeeding explantation of organs from these animals or establishment of cell cultures from fetuses following transplacental action of the compound tested. In this type of experiment the metabolization of the compound is accomplished within the organism and the critical problem of metabolic competence of cultured cells is bypassed. b) Direct application of the carcinogen into cell cultures. Beside the hitherto most used fresh embryonic cells there is an increasing tendency to use established cell lines with a rigid post-confluence inhibition of proliferation and an extremely low background of spontaneous alteration in vitro. Possibilities for the metabolic activation in this system are pointed out. The value of "indicators" of carcinogen-induced alterations in relation to neoplastic properties is discussed. Most of the higherto existing test systems are problematic in their relevancy, but the findings published in literature indicate that cell cultures offer a very promissing possibility for the early detection of carcinogenic agents in human environment.
本文介绍了关于利用体外培养的哺乳动物细胞开发致癌物快速筛选系统的研究现状。目前，实现这一任务似乎有两种基本方法：a）所谓的宿主介导试验，即将致癌物施用于完整动物（可能是怀孕动物），然后从这些动物身上取出器官进行体外培养，或者在受试化合物经胎盘作用后从胎儿建立细胞培养物。在这类实验中，化合物的代谢在生物体内完成，从而绕过了培养细胞代谢能力这一关键问题。b）将致癌物直接应用于细胞培养物。除了迄今最常用的新鲜胚胎细胞外，越来越倾向于使用在汇合后具有严格增殖抑制且体外自发改变背景极低的已建立细胞系。指出了该系统中代谢激活的可能性。讨论了致癌物诱导的改变的“指标”与肿瘤特性的相关性。大多数现有的测试系统在相关性方面存在问题，但文献中发表的研究结果表明，细胞培养为早期检测人类环境中的致癌剂提供了非常有前景的可能性。
