Kiorpes L, Kiper D C, Movshon J A
Department of Psychology, New York University, NY 10003.
Vision Res. 1993 Nov;33(16):2301-11. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(93)90107-8.
Human psychophysical studies suggest that strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes may have characteristically different patterns of visual loss. In particular, anisometropic amblyopes often show deficits on spatial localization tasks that scale with their spatial resolution losses, whereas strabismic amblyopes can show localization deficits that are large relative to their losses in spatial resolution. We have compared the performance of non-human primates with experimentally-induced anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia on contrast detection and vernier acuity tasks. The performance of both groups of animals was fundamentally similar: both strabismic and anisometropic monkeys showed deficits in spatial localization that were large relative to their resolution losses, although the animals with the most disproportionate losses were strabismic. We investigated the extent to which contrast sensitivity losses accounted for the vernier acuity deficits. The results showed that, in most cases of either strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia, when the vernier stimuli for each eye were equated in terms of effective contrast, the extent of the vernier acuity deficit was reduced to approximately the extent of the spatial resolution deficit. In two cases, both of strabismic amblyopia, we found that equating the stimuli in this way was not sufficient to make the deficits equal, a pattern that has been described for human strabismic amblyopes.
人类心理物理学研究表明，斜视性弱视和屈光参差性弱视可能具有特征性不同的视力丧失模式。特别是，屈光参差性弱视患者在空间定位任务中常表现出与空间分辨率损失程度相关的缺陷，而斜视性弱视患者的定位缺陷相对于其空间分辨率损失而言可能较大。我们比较了实验性诱导的屈光参差性弱视和斜视性弱视的非人灵长类动物在对比度检测和游标视力任务中的表现。两组动物的表现基本相似：斜视性和屈光参差性弱视的猴子在空间定位方面均表现出相对于其分辨率损失较大的缺陷，尽管损失最不成比例的动物是斜视性弱视。我们研究了对比度敏感性损失在多大程度上导致了游标视力缺陷。结果表明，在大多数斜视性或屈光参差性弱视病例中，当每只眼睛的游标刺激在有效对比度方面相等时，游标视力缺陷的程度会降低到大约空间分辨率缺陷的程度。在两例斜视性弱视病例中，我们发现以这种方式使刺激相等不足以使缺陷相等，这种模式在人类斜视性弱视患者中也有描述。
