Kosnett M J, Becker C E, Osterloh J D, Kelly T J, Pasta D J
Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0843.
JAMA. 1994 Jan 19;271(3):197-203.
To determine the influence of demographic, exposure and medical factors on the bone lead concentration of subjects with background (nonindustrial) environmental lead exposure.
Survey.
Suburban residential community.
A total of 101 subjects (49 males, 52 females; aged 11 to 78 years) were recruited from 49 of 123 households geographically located in a suburban residential neighborhood unexposed to any major source of industrial lead emissions.
Cortical bone lead concentrations in the midshaft of the tibia were noninvasively measured by in vivo K x-ray fluorescence. Blood lead concentrations were measured by anodic stripping voltammetry. An administered questionnaire assessed potential sources of lead exposure and medical conditions affecting bone metabolism.
After the exclusion of one outlier, log-transformed bone lead concentration was highly correlated with age (r = .71; P < or = .0001). Bone lead concentration showed no significant change up to age 20 years, increased with the same slope in men and women between ages 20 and 55 years, and then increased at a faster rate in men older than 55 years. In addition to the variables age and sex, the best fitting multiple regression model for bone lead concentration (R2 = .66; P < or = .0001) revealed a positive correlation with total pack-years of cigarette smoking and a negative correlation with a history of having nursed an infant for longer than 2 weeks. Blood lead concentrations of the subjects were low (geometric mean, 0.24 mumol/L [4.9 micrograms/dL]) and after log transformation were weakly correlated with log-transformed bone lead concentration (r = .23; P = .02).
The age- and sex-related increases in bone lead concentration found by K x-ray fluorescence concur with published postmortem studies of bone lead concentration and are consistent with the kinetics of bone turnover and secular trends in lead exposure. These data help to establish a reference range for assessing the lead burden of other populations with environmental or occupational lead exposure.
确定人口统计学、暴露因素和医学因素对有背景（非工业）环境铅暴露的受试者骨铅浓度的影响。
调查。
郊区居住社区。
从位于一个未暴露于任何主要工业铅排放源的郊区居民区的123户家庭中的49户招募了总共101名受试者（49名男性，52名女性；年龄11至78岁）。
通过体内K X射线荧光法无创测量胫骨中段皮质骨铅浓度。通过阳极溶出伏安法测量血铅浓度。一份 administered 问卷评估了铅暴露的潜在来源和影响骨代谢的医学状况。
排除一个异常值后，经对数转换的骨铅浓度与年龄高度相关（r = 0.71；P≤0.0001）。骨铅浓度在20岁之前无显著变化，20至55岁之间男性和女性以相同斜率增加，然后在55岁以上男性中以更快速度增加。除年龄和性别变量外，骨铅浓度的最佳拟合多元回归模型（R2 = 0.66；P≤0.0001）显示与吸烟总包年数呈正相关，与母乳喂养婴儿超过2周的病史呈负相关。受试者的血铅浓度较低（几何平均值，0.24μmol/L [4.9μg/dL]），经对数转换后与经对数转换的骨铅浓度弱相关（r = 0.23；P = 0.02）。
通过K X射线荧光法发现的骨铅浓度与年龄和性别相关的增加与已发表的骨铅浓度尸检研究一致，并且与骨转换动力学和铅暴露的长期趋势一致。这些数据有助于建立一个参考范围，用于评估其他有环境或职业铅暴露人群的铅负荷。
