de Jong K, Beckman M E, Edwards J
Department of Linguistics, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1543.
Lang Speech. 1993 Apr-Sep;36 ( Pt 2-3):197-212. doi: 10.1177/002383099303600305.
In this paper we draw on a linguistic model of prosodic structure and a task-dynamic model of speech gestures to account for the interplay of coarticulation and stress in English. We reinterpret results from two experiments in which articulator movements were recorded for utterances varying in pitch accept placement. In the first experiment, jaw kinematics were studied in post-nuclear unaccented and nuclear accented [pap] syllables. The kinematic patterns suggested that gestures in syllables with greater stress (nuclear accented) show less coarticulatory overlap. By contrast, the vowel's low jaw target is undershot in unaccented syllables. Two hypotheses are possible. Either the jaw is lower in stressed syllables so more energy can radiate from the mouth ("sonority expansion") or the jaw is lower to help distinguish the low vowel from other vowels ("hyperarticulation"). Another experiment differentiates the two hypotheses by examining tongue point positions in [put] preceding a [th]. In the more stressed syllables, the tongue dorsum retracts more, likely to make a more distinct back vowel. Also, the amount of assimilation of the alveolar stop to the following dental is reduced. Both results suggest hyperarticulation rather than sonority expansion. Thus, it seems that coarticulation is reduced in stressed syllables, because stressed syllables are hyperarticulated.
在本文中，我们借鉴韵律结构的语言模型和言语手势的任务动态模型，来解释英语中协同发音与重音之间的相互作用。我们重新解读了两个实验的结果，在这两个实验中，记录了发音器官在音高和位置不同的话语中的运动情况。在第一个实验中，研究了核后非重读音节和核重读音节 [pap] 中的下颚运动学。运动学模式表明，重音更大（核重音）的音节中的手势显示出较少的协同发音重叠。相比之下，非重读音节中的元音下颚低目标未达到。有两种假设是可能的。要么重读音节中的下颚更低，以便更多能量能从口腔辐射出来（“响度扩展”），要么下颚更低是为了帮助将低元音与其他元音区分开来（“过度发音”）。另一个实验通过检查 [th] 之前 [put] 中的舌点位置来区分这两种假设。在重音更大的音节中，舌背回缩得更多，可能是为了发出更清晰的后元音。此外，齿龈塞音对后面齿音的同化量减少。这两个结果都表明是过度发音而不是响度扩展。因此，似乎重读音节中的协同发音减少了，因为重读音节是过度发音的。
