Rosenhek M, Macpherson L M, Dawes C
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Arch Oral Biol. 1993 Oct;38(10):885-91. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(93)90098-7.
The objectives were to determine (1) the relations between salivary flow rate and the sample weights of chewing-gum and gum base, (2) whether any reduction in salivary flow rate with duration of chewing is due to a reduction in hardness of gum base with chewing, and (3) the sucrose and bicarbonate concentrations in saliva elicited by different weights of chewing-gum containing sucrose. Ten subjects chewed, for 20 min, samples of 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9 g of gum base and of a sucrose-containing chewing-gum. With each sample, salivary flow rates peaked initially and then fell to a relatively constant value. Flow rates during the periods of 1-2 and 15-20 min were linearly related to the logarithm of sample weight. With the chewing-gum samples, virtually all the sucrose was released into the saliva during the 20 min of chewing, with peak concentrations (201-666 mM) at 1-2 min, and bicarbonate concentrations were higher with the 9-g than the 3-g samples. Six subjects chewed 3 g of gum base and within 45 min the weight of base had increased to 122% of the original, presumably due to the uptake of saliva. The hardness of gum base was determined at 21 and 36 degrees C, 21 and 36 degrees C after it had been chewed, and 21 degrees C after it had been chewed without exposure to saliva, and gave Brinell values of 0.277, 0.038, 0.022, 0.002 and 0.061, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
（1）唾液流速与口香糖及胶基样本重量之间的关系；（2）咀嚼过程中唾液流速的降低是否归因于胶基咀嚼后硬度的降低；（3）不同重量含蔗糖口香糖刺激产生的唾液中蔗糖和碳酸氢盐的浓度。10名受试者对1克、2克、3克、6克和9克胶基样本以及一种含蔗糖口香糖各咀嚼20分钟。对于每个样本，唾液流速最初达到峰值，然后降至相对稳定的值。1 - 2分钟和15 - 20分钟期间的流速与样本重量的对数呈线性关系。对于口香糖样本，几乎所有蔗糖在20分钟咀嚼过程中都释放到唾液中，1 - 2分钟时达到峰值浓度（201 - 666毫摩尔），9克样本的碳酸氢盐浓度高于3克样本。6名受试者咀嚼3克胶基，45分钟内胶基重量增加到原来的122%，可能是由于唾液的吸收。在21摄氏度和36摄氏度下、咀嚼后在21摄氏度和36摄氏度下以及咀嚼后不接触唾液在21摄氏度下测定胶基硬度，布氏硬度值分别为0.277、0.038、0.022、0.002和0.061。（摘要截断于250字）
