Schuster R, Berger B D, Swanson H H
Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Israel.
Q J Exp Psychol B. 1993 Nov;46(4):367-90.
Pairs of laboratory rats were rewarded with sugar solution for cooperating by means of synchronized shuttling in a rectangular chamber. Learning and performance were compared in males and females of three strains--S3, Charles River, and Wistar--ordered in terms of decreasing levels of aggressiveness. In addition, same-sex pairs of each strain were housed either together or individually. When housed together, males and females of all strains eventually cooperated at comparable levels, with rates of acquisition across strains inversely related to their aggressiveness. Individual housing, in contrast, was associated with severe deficits in males of the S3 and CR strains linked to violent fighting and prolonged freezing by animals who had previously been defeated. All other individually housed groups, including males of the Wistar strain and females of all strains, were able to cooperate, including S3 females whose violent fighting was not associated with immobility by defeated animals. In general, the majority of groups were able to cooperate despite differences in aggressiveness associated with sex, strain, and housing. Possible processes in this accommodation are discussed.
通过在矩形箱中同步穿梭合作，成对的实验大鼠会得到糖水奖励。比较了三种品系（S3、查尔斯河和Wistar）的雄性和雌性大鼠在学习和表现方面的差异，这三种品系按攻击性水平从高到低排序。此外，每个品系的同性对大鼠要么一起饲养，要么单独饲养。当一起饲养时，所有品系的雄性和雌性大鼠最终都能达到相当的合作水平，各品系的习得率与它们的攻击性呈负相关。相比之下，单独饲养与S3和CR品系雄性大鼠的严重缺陷有关，这些缺陷与之前战败的动物的暴力打斗和长时间冻僵有关。所有其他单独饲养的组，包括Wistar品系的雄性大鼠和所有品系的雌性大鼠，都能够合作，包括S3品系的雌性大鼠，其暴力打斗与战败动物的不动状态无关。总体而言，尽管与性别、品系和饲养方式相关的攻击性存在差异，但大多数组都能够合作。文中讨论了这种适应性变化可能涉及的过程。
