Schuster Richard
Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, 31905, Haifa, Israel.
Hum Nat. 2002 Mar;13(1):47-83. doi: 10.1007/s12110-002-1014-5.
Coordinating behavior is widespread in contexts that include courtship, aggression, and cooperation for shared outcomes. The social significance of cooperative coordination (CC) is usually downplayed by learning theorists, evolutionary biologists, and game theorists in favor of an individual behavior → outcome perspective predicated on maximizing payoffs for all participants. To more closely model CC as it occurs under free-ranging conditions, pairs of rats were rewarded for coordinated shuttling within a shared chamber with unrestricted social interaction. Results show that animals learned to work together with sensitivity to the task and type of partner. Moreover, social interaction and coordination influenced both consumption of the reward solution immediately following a session and preference for cooperation, suggesting that affective states and incentives related to cooperation extend beyond the outcomes obtained. These results support field studies by showing not only how cooperation is performed but also the importance of considering how the behavior of cooperating affects outcomes and preference for cooperating.
协调行为在包括求偶、攻击以及为共同结果进行合作等情境中广泛存在。合作协调（CC）的社会意义通常被学习理论家、进化生物学家和博弈论者所忽视，他们更倾向于基于为所有参与者最大化收益的个体行为→结果视角。为了更贴近地模拟自由放养条件下出现的合作协调，对成对的大鼠在一个共享空间内进行协调穿梭并伴有不受限制的社会互动时给予奖励。结果表明，动物学会了根据任务和伙伴类型灵活地协同工作。此外，社会互动和协调不仅影响了实验结束后即刻对奖励溶液的消耗，还影响了对合作的偏好，这表明与合作相关的情感状态和动机超出了所获得的结果。这些结果不仅展示了合作是如何进行的，还表明了考虑合作行为如何影响结果以及对合作的偏好的重要性，从而支持了实地研究。
