Tung G A, Davis L M
Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island.
Crit Rev Diagn Imaging. 1993;34(5):239-308.
Magnetic resonance imaging is used widely to investigate soft tissue masses. The effectiveness of MRI derives from unrivaled soft tissue contrast and multiplanar imaging capability. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to examine the phosphometabolites of normal and pathological soft tissues. We review the role of MRI and MRS in the detection and characterization of soft tissue masses and in staging soft tissue malignancies. The detection of a soft tissue mass depends on image contrast between normal and pathological tissue. We review the salient factors, both intrinsic properties of tissues and parameters of MR imaging, which influence soft tissue contrast on an MR image. Specific pulse sequences that have been compared for tumor detection are discussed. One goal of a radiological test is to provide tissue-specific characterization. Alone or in combination, various MR imaging characteristics of a soft tissue mass have been studied for an association with benign or malignant tissue. MR imaging signs discussed in this review include signal intensity, relaxation time, homogeneity of signal pattern, septation, size at presentation, shape, margin definition, peritumoral edema, involvement of bone or neurovascular tissue, and contrast enhancement. The MR imaging appearance of hemangioma, lipoma, pigmented villonodular synovitis, desmoid tumor, hematoma, arteriovenous malformation, and ganglion cyst is also reviewed. MR imaging is the quintessential imaging method for staging a soft tissue malignancy. We review three staging systems in common use and the role of MR imaging for local staging of untreated and treated soft tissue malignancies.
磁共振成像被广泛用于软组织肿块的检查。MRI的有效性源于其无与伦比的软组织对比度和多平面成像能力。磁共振波谱已被用于检测正常和病理软组织中的磷代谢物。我们综述了MRI和MRS在软组织肿块的检测、特征描述以及软组织恶性肿瘤分期中的作用。软组织肿块的检测取决于正常组织与病理组织之间的图像对比度。我们回顾了影响磁共振图像上软组织对比度的显著因素，包括组织的固有特性和磁共振成像参数。讨论了已用于肿瘤检测比较的特定脉冲序列。放射学检查的一个目标是提供组织特异性特征描述。单独或联合使用，已经研究了软组织肿块的各种磁共振成像特征与良性或恶性组织的相关性。本综述中讨论的磁共振成像征象包括信号强度、弛豫时间、信号模式的均匀性、分隔、初诊时大小、形状、边缘清晰度、瘤周水肿、骨或神经血管组织受累以及对比增强。还综述了血管瘤、脂肪瘤、色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎、硬纤维瘤、血肿、动静脉畸形和腱鞘囊肿的磁共振成像表现。磁共振成像是软组织恶性肿瘤分期的典型成像方法。我们综述了三种常用的分期系统以及磁共振成像在未治疗和已治疗软组织恶性肿瘤局部分期中的作用。
