Noone A, Durante A J, Brady A R, Majid F, Swan A V, Parry J V, Hart G J, Connell J A, Perry K R, Joce R E
Public Health Laboratory Service AIDS Centre, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London, UK.
AIDS. 1993 Nov;7(11):1501-7. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199311000-00015.
To monitor trends in HIV infection and associated risk behaviours in injecting drug users (IDU) in England and Wales.
Ongoing voluntary unlinked anonymous cross-sectional survey.
IDU attending centres in 1990 and 1991 were invited to complete a brief questionnaire requesting demographic and behavioural information, and to provide a saliva sample to be tested for antibodies to HIV and to the core antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBV).
In 1990, 1.2% (19 out of 1543) of samples from 33 centres, and in 1991 1.8% (25 out of 1417) of samples from 37 centres contained antibody to HIV. Antibody t9 HBV core-antigen was found in 33 and 31% of IDU in 1990 and 1991, respectively. The prevalence of HIV infection in IDU attending centres in London (4.2%) was higher than in those attending centres elsewhere (0.8%). The prevalence of HIV infection in 1991 varied between individual centres from 0 to 10.6%, and at many centres outside London no IDU were infected with HIV. In the same year the prevalence of past infection with HBV varied from 14 to 54%, and IDU who had evidence of HBV infection were found among attenders in nearly all centres. The prevalences of sharing injecting equipment and risky sexual behaviour were high at many centres. The prevalence of HIV infection was higher in IDU who had started to inject in 1985 or earlier, than in those who started injecting later. In each year, approximately half the IDU surveyed reported having had a voluntary confidential HIV-antibody test, and the prevalence of HIV infection was five times higher in those tested than in those who had not been tested.
HIV prevalence in IDU attending centres in England and Wales was low in 1990-1991. There is some indication that IDU have modified their injecting or sexual behaviour, but even at existing reduced levels of risk behaviour, transmission can occur in HIV is introduced into previously unexposed groups.
监测英格兰和威尔士注射吸毒者（IDU）中HIV感染趋势及相关危险行为。
持续进行的自愿非关联匿名横断面调查。
邀请1990年和1991年到各中心就诊的注射吸毒者填写一份简短问卷，询问人口统计学和行为信息，并提供唾液样本检测HIV抗体及乙肝病毒（HBV）核心抗原。
1990年，来自33个中心的样本中1.2%（1543份样本中的19份）、1991年来自37个中心的样本中1.8%（1417份样本中的25份）含有HIV抗体。1990年和1991年分别有33%和31%的注射吸毒者检测出HBV核心抗原抗体。伦敦各中心就诊的注射吸毒者中HIV感染率（4.2%）高于其他地区各中心就诊者（0.8%）。1991年各中心的HIV感染率在0至10.6%之间，伦敦以外的许多中心没有注射吸毒者感染HIV。同年，既往HBV感染率在14%至54%之间，几乎所有中心的就诊者中都发现了有HBV感染证据的注射吸毒者。许多中心共用注射器具和危险性行为的发生率很高。1985年或更早开始注射的注射吸毒者中HIV感染率高于后来开始注射的人。每年，约一半接受调查的注射吸毒者报告进行过自愿保密的HIV抗体检测，检测者中HIV感染率比未检测者高五倍。
1990 - 1991年英格兰和威尔士各中心就诊的注射吸毒者中HIV流行率较低。有迹象表明注射吸毒者已改变其注射或性行为，但即使在现有降低的危险行为水平下，如果HIV传入以前未接触过的群体，仍可能发生传播。
