Kroon M B, Overdijk W I
Kurt Lewin Institute, Department of Social Psychology, Free University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Crisis. 1993;14(3):117-25.
This article describes the organization of the psychosocial aid and aftercare for survivors in the context of the Bijlmermeer air disaster that took place in 1992 in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. It is based on an examination of the relevant city documents and media coverage, and on interviews with city officials and disaster workers. The aid operation was complicated by the fact that the disaster struck a socially vulnerable multicultural community. The experiences illustrate the difficulties involved in coordinating the psychosocial care and aftercare provided by different agencies, and suggest a need for ample planning and training in this respect. In addition, they point to the importance of tailoring interventions to survivors' specific needs, careful registration of survivors and helpers, and limitation of the number of shelters and the distance between them. Finally, a two-edged strategy for dealing with the news media is advocated. Survivors should be maximally protected, but at the same time the press must be regularly and appropriately briefed, in order to use their potential for disseminating information to the survivors and the public.
本文描述了1992年发生在荷兰阿姆斯特丹Bijlmermeer空难事件中为幸存者提供心理社会援助及后续照护的组织情况。它基于对相关城市文件和媒体报道的审查，以及对城市官员和灾难救援人员的访谈。此次灾难发生在一个社会弱势群体构成的多元文化社区，这使得援助行动变得复杂。这些经历说明了协调不同机构提供的心理社会护理和后续照护所涉及的困难，并表明在这方面需要进行充分的规划和培训。此外，它们还指出了根据幸存者的具体需求调整干预措施、仔细登记幸存者和救援人员，以及限制避难所数量和它们之间距离的重要性。最后，倡导一种应对新闻媒体的双刃剑策略。应最大限度地保护幸存者，但同时必须定期且适当地向媒体通报情况，以便利用媒体向幸存者和公众传播信息的潜力。
