Frenkel J K
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1976 Oct;43:13-30.
Pneumocystis jiroveci n. sp. from humans is redescribed, including the trophozoite precyst, cyst, intracystic bodies, and empty cyst. The morphology, biology, and physiology of this organism are compared with those of P. carinii from rats. Drug-induced immunosuppression produces similar disease patterns in both hosts, but several other pathogenic mechanisms seen in man have not been reproduced in rats. In most humans, immunity terminates infection and carriers are few; but in rats, immunity is generally associated with latent infection. The factors influencing the growth of Pneumocystis spp. in hosts varying in immune potential are reviewed and indicate that immunity is multifaceted, depending on the presence of plasma cells, antibody, T lymphocytes, macrophages, and probably complement. A deficiency in only a single component may give rise to clinical disease. Infection patterns in humans and pneumocystosis in mammals are reviewed. No evidence of the biologic identity of organisms from several hosts has been found. Serologic evidence concerning the distinction between Pneumocystis of rat and human origin is reviewed. These two forms should be regarded as deparate species, and forms from other hosts should tentatively be regarded as distinct.
对来自人类的耶氏肺孢子菌新种进行了重新描述，包括滋养体前包囊、包囊、囊内小体和空包囊。将该生物体的形态、生物学和生理学与来自大鼠的卡氏肺孢子菌进行了比较。药物诱导的免疫抑制在两种宿主中产生相似的疾病模式，但在人类中观察到的其他几种致病机制在大鼠中尚未重现。在大多数人类中，免疫可终止感染，携带者很少；但在大鼠中，免疫通常与潜伏感染相关。综述了影响免疫潜能不同的宿主中肺孢子菌生长的因素，表明免疫是多方面的，取决于浆细胞、抗体、T淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞以及可能的补体的存在。仅单一成分的缺乏就可能导致临床疾病。综述了人类的感染模式和哺乳动物的肺孢子菌病。未发现来自几种宿主的生物体具有生物学同一性的证据。综述了有关大鼠和人类来源的肺孢子菌区别的血清学证据。这两种形式应被视为不同的物种，来自其他宿主的形式应暂时视为不同的。
