Bergmann M S
New York University, Post-doctoral Program.
J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1993;41(4):929-55. doi: 10.1177/000306519304100402.
The proliferation of psychoanalytic schools demands the reexamination of the history of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis emerged at the intersection between the rational heritage of the enlightenment and the interest in the morbid that was the hallmark of romanticism. This paper focuses on moments when psychoanalysis was poised at a crossroads where various routes could have been taken. Differentiation is made among the heretics, modifiers, and extenders of psychoanalysis. Discussed within a historical frame of reference are the contributions of leading modifiers--Melanie Klein, Hartmann, Winnicott, Kohut, and others--as well as their extenders. The paper concludes with a discussion of some current urgent problems facing psychoanalysis.
精神分析学派的激增要求对精神分析史进行重新审视。精神分析诞生于启蒙运动的理性遗产与浪漫主义对病态的关注的交汇点。本文聚焦于精神分析处于十字路口、面临多种发展路径选择的时刻。文章区分了精神分析的异端者、修正者和拓展者。在历史参照框架内讨论了主要修正者——梅兰妮·克莱因、哈特曼、温尼科特、科胡特等人——以及他们的拓展者所做的贡献。文章最后讨论了精神分析目前面临的一些紧迫问题。
