Karlson-Stiber C, Persson H
Swedish Poison Information Centre, Stockholm.
J Intern Med. 1994 Jan;235(1):57-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1994.tb01032.x.
To assess efficacy and safety of two equine F(ab')2 antivenoms currently used to treat envenoming by European vipers.
Retrospective case review study.
Case records collected by the Swedish Poison Information Centre concerning patients treated in Swedish hospitals for bites by the common European adder, Vipera berus.
Patients presenting with V. berus envenoming treated with antivenom (n = 30) and two groups of patients not given antivenom (n = 16 and n = 38).
Clinical course and time in hospital were retrospectively studied and compared in patients treated or not treated with antivenom.
There was a significantly lower incidence of extensive oedema (23 vs. 88%) and anaemia (10 vs. 50%) in the antivenom-treated group, and the hospital stay was shorter (median: 3 vs. 6 days). Antivenom treatment also resulted in prompt clinical improvement in the acute phase. Adverse effects consisting of urticaria and serum sickness occurred in 10% of the patients given antivenom.
Antivenom treatment was associated with a reduced morbidity in severe V. berus envenoming. However, the occurrence of allergic side-effects is not negligible with this type of antivenom.
评估目前用于治疗欧洲蝰蛇咬伤中毒的两种马源F(ab')2抗蛇毒血清的疗效和安全性。
回顾性病例审查研究。
瑞典中毒信息中心收集的关于在瑞典医院接受普通欧洲蝰蛇（极北蝰）咬伤治疗的患者的病例记录。
接受抗蛇毒血清治疗的极北蝰中毒患者（n = 30）以及两组未接受抗蛇毒血清治疗的患者（n = 16和n = 38）。
对接受或未接受抗蛇毒血清治疗的患者的临床病程和住院时间进行回顾性研究并比较。
抗蛇毒血清治疗组广泛水肿（23% 对88%）和贫血（10% 对50%）的发生率显著较低，且住院时间较短（中位数：3天对6天）。抗蛇毒血清治疗还使急性期临床症状迅速改善。接受抗蛇毒血清治疗的患者中有10%出现了荨麻疹和血清病等不良反应。
抗蛇毒血清治疗与极北蝰严重中毒的发病率降低相关。然而，这类抗蛇毒血清引起的过敏副作用的发生也不容忽视。
