Lanoue L, Koski K G
School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada.
J Nutr. 1994 Jan;124(1):94-102. doi: 10.1093/jn/124.1.94.
To examine the effects of chronic restriction of maternal dietary glucose on lactational performance, pregnant dams were fed one of four isoenergetic diets containing graded levels of glucose (0, 12, 24 and 60%) from d 2 of pregnancy to d 15 of lactation. Dams fed the 0% glucose diet produced colostrum with higher protein and lower lactose and fat concentrations than normal, but all pups born to these dams failed to survive more than 24 h postpartum. Dams fed glucose-restricted diets (12 and 24%) had significantly lower d 15 milk fat concentration than dams fed the control diet, but there were no differences in milk protein, lactose and glucose concentrations. On d 15, pups suckling dams fed the 12% glucose diet had significantly lower body weights than pups of dams fed 24 and 60% glucose diets. Restriction of dietary glucose to 12% resulted in significantly smaller mammary gland cell size but failed to produce any significant differences in mammary gland composition (protein, fat and glycogen). The results indicate that the level of glucose in the maternal diet is an important determinant of milk composition and that > 24% glucose is needed for optimal milk fat concentration, whereas 12% dietary glucose is sufficient to sustain normal milk lactose concentration. The altered lactational performance in response to dietary glucose restriction was not mediated through changes in mammary gland composition, but in part by the reduced mammary gland size.
为研究孕期母体膳食葡萄糖长期受限对泌乳性能的影响，从妊娠第2天至泌乳第15天，给怀孕母鼠喂食四种等能量日粮中的一种，这些日粮含有不同水平的葡萄糖（0%、12%、24%和60%）。喂食0%葡萄糖日粮的母鼠所产初乳的蛋白质含量较高，乳糖和脂肪浓度低于正常水平，但这些母鼠所生的所有幼崽在产后存活时间均未超过24小时。喂食葡萄糖受限日粮（12%和24%）的母鼠在泌乳第15天时的乳脂肪浓度显著低于喂食对照日粮的母鼠，但乳蛋白、乳糖和葡萄糖浓度没有差异。在第15天，吸食喂食12%葡萄糖日粮母鼠乳汁的幼崽体重显著低于吸食喂食24%和60%葡萄糖日粮母鼠乳汁的幼崽。将膳食葡萄糖限制在12%会导致乳腺细胞大小显著变小，但乳腺组成（蛋白质、脂肪和糖原）没有显著差异。结果表明，母体日粮中的葡萄糖水平是乳汁成分的重要决定因素，最佳乳脂肪浓度需要>24%的葡萄糖，而12%的膳食葡萄糖足以维持正常的乳乳糖浓度。对膳食葡萄糖限制的泌乳性能改变不是通过乳腺组成的变化介导的，而是部分由乳腺大小减小介导的。
