Schumer R A, Podos S M
Department of Ophthalmology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.
Arch Ophthalmol. 1994 Jan;112(1):37-44. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1994.01090130047015.
Contemporary concepts of open angle glaucoma suggest that the current emphasis on reduction of elevated intraocular pressure could be augmented by other therapeutic approaches. In this article, we describe significant recent developments in the molecular and cellular biology and neuropharmacology of nerve damage that are likely, in coming years, to suggest new therapeutic approaches to the management of glaucoma. These developments may lead to the achievement of pharmacologic protection of the optic nerve from damage or possibly promotion of reversal of damage. We review selected studies of excitotoxins and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, Ca(2+)-induced damage and calcium channel blockers, the intracellular messenger nitric oxide and its perturbation, free-radical damage and scavengers, nerve regeneration, and growth factors. Several basic research questions are posed, answers to which may transform our concepts of glaucoma therapy.
当代开角型青光眼的概念表明，当前对降低眼压升高的重视可通过其他治疗方法得到加强。在本文中，我们描述了神经损伤的分子和细胞生物学以及神经药理学方面最近的重大进展，这些进展在未来几年可能会为青光眼的治疗提出新的方法。这些进展可能会实现对视神经的药理保护，使其免受损伤，或者可能促进损伤的逆转。我们回顾了关于兴奋性毒素和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体拮抗剂、钙诱导损伤和钙通道阻滞剂、细胞内信使一氧化氮及其干扰、自由基损伤和清除剂、神经再生以及生长因子的部分研究。提出了几个基础研究问题，对这些问题的回答可能会改变我们对青光眼治疗的观念。
