[A pulsed Doppler study of left atrial and ventricular inflow in 2 populations of normotensive and hypertensive subjects].

OBJECTIVE

Comparative analysis of left atrial and left ventricle Doppler inflow patterns in patients with essential systemic mild to moderate hypertension and normal global left ventricular systolic function.

PATIENTS

A group of out patients with the diagnosis of hypertension referred to the Echocardiographic Laboratory of Egas Moniz Hospital in Lisbon.

SETTING

Echocardiographic Doppler prospective study.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

We studied a group of 50 patients with the diagnosis of mild to moderate arterial hypertension (Group H), which was compared with a population of 50 normal subjects (Group N). In each case we analysed the pulsed Doppler flow of the right upper pulmonary vein and the diastolic inflow of the left ventricular cavity. We calculated the peak velocities and time velocity integrals of the systolic, diastolic and atrial contraction waves of the pulmonary venous flow and also the systo-diastolic velocity and time velocity integral ratios. In the transmitral Doppler flow analysis we evaluated the peak velocities and time velocity integrals of the early (E wave) and late (A wave) waves, and their time velocity and velocity ratio. We assessed also the isovolumic relaxation time and left ventricular mass index.

RESULTS

In groups N and H the peak velocity of the pulmonary venous flow systolic wave was 0.53 +/- 0.15 cm/sec and 0.75 +/- 0.10 cm/sec (p = 0.01), diastolic wave was 0.50 +/- 0.10 cm/sec and 0.41 +/- 0.09 cm/sec (p = 0.03) and atrial contraction wave was 0.18 +/- 0.03 cm/sec and 0.35 +/- 0.08 (p = 0.001), with a systo-diastolic ratio of 1.06 +/- 0.10 and 1.83 +/- 0.10 (p < 0.001), respectively. In these two groups the time velocity integral of the pulmonary venous flow systolic wave was 14.4 +/- 2.6 cm and 17.8 +/- 1.8 cm (p = 0.001), the diastolic wave was 12.5 +/- 3.2 cm and 9.3 +/- 1.3 cm (p = 0.05) and the atrial contraction wave was 4.4 +/- 0.07 cm (p = 0.001), with a systo-diastolic ratio of 1.1 +/- 0.16 and 1.9 +/- 0.12 (p < 0.001), respectively. For the group H and considering the three subgroups, hypertensive patients without anatomical or functional alterations, with isolated diastolic dysfunction and with left ventricular hypertrophy associated to diastolic dysfunction, the velocity systo-diastolic ratio was 1.08 +/- 0.12, 1.57 +/- 0.08 (p < 0.01) and 2.4 +/- 0.08 (p < 0.01) and 2.4 +/- 0.08 (p < 0.001), the systo-diastolic time velocity integral ratio was 1.22 +/- 0.17, 1.72 +/- 0.13 (p < 0.01) and 2.4 +/- 0.15 (p < 0.001), the peak velocity of the atrial contraction wave was 0.28 +/- 0.07, 0.3 +/- 0.08 (p < 0.01) and 0.43 +/- 0.07 (p < 0.001) and its time velocity integral was 4.6 +/- 0.06 cm, 5.6 +/- 0.07 cm (p < 0.01) and 7.0 +/- 0.08 cm (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Pulsed Doppler study of pulmonary venous flow is significantly abnormal in patients with arterial hypertension. This abnormal pulmonary venous flow pattern has a close relationship with structural and functional alterations of the left ventricle. Combined analysis of the pulsed Doppler inflow at these two cardiac anatomical levels is fundamental to understand the pathophysiology of hypertensive heart disease.