Frenck-Mestre C, Vaid J
Centre de Recherche en Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Provence, Aix-en-Provence, France.
Mem Cognit. 1993 Nov;21(6):809-18. doi: 10.3758/bf03202748.
Two experiments examined the effect of the presentation format of numbers--digits versus word format in the first and in the second languages of bilinguals--on mental arithmetic. Speed of number-fact retrieval and the presence of interference produced by numbers that were either numerically close to or associatively related to the correct answers of stored arithmetic problems (e.g., 2+5 and 7x8) were compared across formats. The verification of true problems was increasingly slower and less accurate from the digit condition to the second-language condition. Interference was produced by both types of incorrect answers in the digit and first-language conditions, whereas in the second-language condition, it was constrained to answers that were numerically close to correct answers. Together, the results suggest that the retrieval of arithmetic facts and the automatic spreading of activation within the network of numerical facts are not only language-sensitive, but format-sensitive in general.
两项实验研究了数字呈现形式（双语者的第一语言和第二语言中数字与单词形式）对心算的影响。比较了跨形式的数字事实检索速度以及由与存储算术问题的正确答案在数值上接近或在联想上相关的数字（例如2 + 5和7×8）产生的干扰情况。从数字条件到第二语言条件，真问题的验证越来越慢且准确性越来越低。在数字和第一语言条件下，两种类型的错误答案都会产生干扰，而在第二语言条件下，干扰仅限于与正确答案在数值上接近的答案。总体而言，结果表明算术事实的检索以及数字事实网络内激活的自动传播不仅对语言敏感，而且对形式也敏感。
