Udupa J K, Gonçalves R J
Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6021.
J Digit Imaging. 1993 Nov;6(4):213-36. doi: 10.1007/BF03168529.
Three-dimensional (3D) visualization in biomedical and other imaging areas is a rapidly emerging discipline. The major developments in this field are described in a unified and concise way. To this end, we introduce an operator notation to describe the basic imaging transforms commonly used in 3D visualization and to identify a comprehensive set of basic transforms. We also introduce several new basic transforms for filtering and interpolating scenes and structures and for rendering surfaces and volumes. We demonstrate not only how the existing visualization methodologies can be described concisely, but we also show how a great variety of new methodologies can be generated using both the existing imaging transforms and the new transforms introduced in this paper. A comprehensive evaluation method to compare objectively rendering methods used in visualization based on task-specific mathematical phantoms is described. We examine in detail separate transform sequences that are best suited for rendering robust and frail structures (ie, structures with well- and poorly defined boundaries).
生物医学及其他成像领域的三维（3D）可视化是一门迅速兴起的学科。本文以统一且简洁的方式描述了该领域的主要进展。为此，我们引入一种算子表示法来描述3D可视化中常用的基本成像变换，并确定一套全面的基本变换。我们还引入了几种新的基本变换，用于场景和结构的滤波与插值以及表面和体数据的渲染。我们不仅展示了如何简洁地描述现有的可视化方法，还展示了如何使用本文介绍的现有成像变换和新变换生成各种各样的新方法。描述了一种基于特定任务的数学模型来客观比较可视化中使用的渲染方法的综合评估方法。我们详细研究了分别最适合渲染健壮和脆弱结构（即边界定义良好和定义不佳的结构）的变换序列。
