Mole R H
MRC Radiobiology Unit, Didcot, Oxon, UK.
Br J Radiol. 1993 Dec;66(792):1095-102. doi: 10.1259/0007-1285-66-792-1095.
Aspects of intrauterine development relevant to radiological protection but not considered in the recently revised Recommendations of ICRP (1991a) include (i) recently acquired evidence on the totipotency of cells of the morula with implications for dosimetry and risk in the first week of human development in utero; (ii) much older evidence on the earliest stages of myelo- and lymphopoiesis in the human subject that bears on radiosensitivity to leukaemia induction in utero; (iii) much older evidence on species differences that may affect the application to the human of experimental work on radionuclide transport from mother to embryo and fetus; (iv) recent proposals of alternative mechanisms for localization of functions in the developing mammalian forebrain with implications for risk of mental impairment caused by low level irradiation in utero, and (v) a recent demonstration that UNSCEAR (1977) was mistaken when concluding that a high radiosensitivity for teratogenesis is characteristic of the embryo and of preimplantation irradiation. The 1990 Recommendations of ICRP (1991a) to limit exposure of the fetus to radionuclides by reference to the occupation ALI for adults, i.e. women of reproductive age, seems to be a serious mistake.
与放射防护相关但未在国际放射防护委员会最近修订的建议（1991a）中考虑的子宫内发育方面包括：（i）最近获得的有关桑椹胚细胞全能性的证据，这对子宫内人类发育第一周的剂量测定和风险有影响；（ii）关于人类骨髓和淋巴细胞生成最早阶段的更古老证据，这与子宫内白血病诱导的放射敏感性有关；（iii）关于物种差异的更古老证据，这可能会影响将从母亲到胚胎和胎儿的放射性核素转运实验工作应用于人类；（iv）最近提出的关于发育中的哺乳动物前脑功能定位的替代机制，这与子宫内低水平照射导致精神损伤的风险有关；以及（v）最近的一项证明，即联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会（1977）得出胚胎和植入前照射具有高致畸放射敏感性这一结论是错误的。国际放射防护委员会1990年的建议（1991a），即参照成年工作人员（即育龄妇女）的职业年摄入量限值来限制胎儿对放射性核素的暴露，似乎是一个严重的错误。
