Carn V M
Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Surrey, UK.
Vaccine. 1993 Oct;11(13):1275-9. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(93)90094-e.
The capripoxviruses cause the most severe pox diseases of animals. Epidemiologically the diseases of sheep pox, goat pox and lumpy skin disease differ, but all three viruses may be mechanically transmitted by biting insects, and control without vaccination is extremely difficult in endemic areas. Recently developed live attenuated vaccines provide good, virtually lifelong, protection, which is dependent on stimulating cell-mediated immunity. Lumpy skin disease currently threatens to extend beyond its existing boundaries, causing concern and renewed interest in vaccine development. With the capripoxviruses showing great promise as vector vaccines, widespread use of a recombinant vaccine seems increasingly likely.
山羊痘病毒可引发动物最为严重的痘病。从流行病学角度来看，绵羊痘、山羊痘和结节性皮炎这几种疾病有所不同，但这三种病毒均可通过叮咬昆虫进行机械传播，并且在疾病流行地区，若不进行疫苗接种，疾病防控极为困难。近期研发的减毒活疫苗可提供良好的、近乎终身的保护，这种保护依赖于刺激细胞介导的免疫反应。目前，结节性皮炎有蔓延至现有疫区范围之外的趋势，这引发了人们对疫苗研发的关注以及新的兴趣。鉴于山羊痘病毒作为载体疫苗具有巨大潜力，重组疫苗的广泛应用似乎越来越有可能。
