Control of capripoxvirus infections.

The capripoxviruses cause the most severe pox diseases of animals. Epidemiologically the diseases of sheep pox, goat pox and lumpy skin disease differ, but all three viruses may be mechanically transmitted by biting insects, and control without vaccination is extremely difficult in endemic areas. Recently developed live attenuated vaccines provide good, virtually lifelong, protection, which is dependent on stimulating cell-mediated immunity. Lumpy skin disease currently threatens to extend beyond its existing boundaries, causing concern and renewed interest in vaccine development. With the capripoxviruses showing great promise as vector vaccines, widespread use of a recombinant vaccine seems increasingly likely.