Clarys J P, Cabri J
Department of Experimental Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
J Sports Sci. 1993 Oct;11(5):379-448. doi: 10.1080/02640419308730010.
Within electromyography (EMG), a particular specialty has been developed wherein the aim is to use EMG for the study of muscular function and co-ordination. This area of research is usually called kinesiological EMG. The general aims of kinesiological EMG are to analyse the function and co-ordination of muscles in different movements and postures, in healthy subjects as well as in the disabled, in skilled actions as well as during training, in humans as well as in animals, under laboratory conditions as well as during daily or vocational activities. This is often done by a combination of electromyographical and kinesiological or biomechanical measurement techniques. Because there are over 400 skeletal muscles in the human body and both irregular and complex involvement of the muscles may occur in neuromuscular diseases and in voluntary occupational or sports movements, it is impossible to sample all of the muscles of the entire body during the performance of complex motor skills. In addition, the measurement of kinesiological EMG in sport and specific field circumstances, such as the track and/or soccer field, the alpine ski slope, the swimming pool and the ice rink, demands a specific technological and methodological approach, adaptable to both the field and the sport circumstances. Sport movement techniques and skills, training approaches and methods, ergonomic verification of the human-machine interaction have, amongst others, a highly specialized muscular activity in common. The knowledge of such muscular action in all its aspects, its evaluation and its feedback should allow for the optimization of movement, of sports materials, of training possibilities and, in the end, of sports performance. Drawing conclusions from a review of the EMG research of 32 sports, covering over 100 different complex skills, including methodological approaches, is an impossible task. We have attempted to set standards concerning the EMG methodology at the beginning of this review. Electromyography and sports is a vast area and a complete review is impossible, as information will be found scattered in many different journals, including those on the sports sciences, ergonomics, biomechanics, applied physiology, in different congress proceedings, and so on. Consequently, many important aspects and possibly important publications may have been omitted from this review.
在肌电图（EMG）领域，已经发展出了一个特定的专业方向，其目的是利用肌电图来研究肌肉功能和协调性。这个研究领域通常被称为运动学肌电图。运动学肌电图的总体目标是分析不同运动和姿势下肌肉的功能和协调性，涵盖健康受试者以及残疾人，熟练动作以及训练过程，人类以及动物，实验室条件下以及日常或职业活动中。这通常通过肌电图测量技术与运动学或生物力学测量技术相结合来完成。由于人体有400多块骨骼肌，并且在神经肌肉疾病以及自愿的职业或体育运动中，肌肉可能会出现不规则和复杂的参与情况，因此在执行复杂运动技能时，不可能对全身所有肌肉进行采样。此外，在体育和特定场地环境中，如田径场和/或足球场、高山滑雪坡、游泳池和溜冰场，进行运动学肌电图测量需要一种特定的技术和方法，以适应场地和运动环境。体育动作技术和技能、训练方法和手段、人机交互的工效学验证等，都有一个高度专业化的肌肉活动共性。全面了解这种肌肉活动及其评估和反馈，应该能够优化运动、运动器材、训练可能性，并最终提高运动成绩。从对32项运动的肌电图研究综述中得出结论，涵盖100多种不同的复杂技能，包括方法学途径，是一项不可能完成的任务。在本综述开始时，我们试图制定关于肌电图方法学的标准。肌电图与体育是一个广阔的领域，完整的综述是不可能的，因为信息分散在许多不同的期刊中，包括体育科学、工效学、生物力学、应用生理学等方面的期刊，以及不同的会议论文集等等。因此，本综述可能遗漏了许多重要方面和可能重要的出版物。
