Klonoff E A, Fritz J M, Landrine H, Riddle R W, Tully-Payne L
Behavioral Health Institute, California State University, San Bernardino 92407.
JAMA. 1994 Feb 23;271(8):618-20.
To provide data on the sale of single cigarettes to adults and minors and to examine the sociocultural context in which these sales occur.
A naturalistic observation study using repeated measures. Two hundred six stores in a convenience sample were visited by one minor and one adult who each attempted to purchase a single cigarette.
Single-cigarette sales to an adult and/or minor. Data were obtained on type of store and, if a sale occurred, on the price, brand, and packaging of the cigarette. The ethnic composition of the neighborhood surrounding each store was determined.
One hundred one (49.1%) of the stores sold single cigarettes. Singles were sold significantly more often to minors than to adults, and when both could make a purchase, minors paid more for these singles than did adults. Singles were least likely to be sold in white neighborhoods, more likely to be sold in integrated neighborhoods, and most likely to be sold in minority neighborhoods. Minors were able to purchase single cigarettes during 34.4% of the visits to white neighborhoods but could do so during 71.2% of the visits to minority neighborhoods; adults were able to make similar purchases during 24% of the visits to white neighborhoods and 37.3% of the visits to minority neighborhoods.
The illegal sale of single cigarettes involves complex sociocultural factors heretofore unexamined. An understanding of such factors may be useful in planning merchant education programs and drafting policy to control illegal sales.
提供向成年人和未成年人售卖单支香烟的数据，并考察此类销售发生的社会文化背景。
一项采用重复测量的自然观察研究。一名未成年人和一名成年人走访了便利样本中的206家商店，每人都试图购买一支香烟。
向成年人和/或未成年人售卖单支香烟的情况。获取了商店类型的数据，若发生销售，还获取了香烟的价格、品牌和包装数据。确定了每家商店周边社区的种族构成。
101家（49.1%）商店售卖单支香烟。单支香烟卖给未成年人的次数显著多于成年人，而且当两人都能买到时，未成年人购买单支香烟的价格比成年人更高。单支香烟在白人社区最不容易售出，在融合社区较容易售出，在少数族裔社区最容易售出。在走访白人社区时，未成年人在34.4%的情况下能够买到单支香烟，而在走访少数族裔社区时，这一比例为71.2%；成年人在走访白人社区时，24%的情况下能够买到单支香烟，在走访少数族裔社区时，这一比例为37.3%。
非法售卖单支香烟涉及此前未被研究的复杂社会文化因素。了解这些因素可能有助于规划针对商家的教育项目并起草控制非法销售的政策。
