Erickson C A
Section of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis 95616.
Pigment Cell Res. 1993 Oct;6(5):336-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.1993.tb00611.x.
Pigment cells are one of many cell types derived from the neural crest. This review focuses on the mechanisms that control the timing and pathways of migration of pigment cells into the epidermis and determinants that control the differentiation of pigment cells. Several factors may control the timing and pattern of pigment cell migration in the dorsolateral space including the loss of inhibitory molecules in the pathway, the appearance of chemotactic molecules emanating from the dispersing dermatome, and the differentiation of pigment cells, which may be the only neural crest derivative capable of utilizing the substratum found in the dorsolateral path. Control of pigment cell differentiation remains controversial. A working model presented in this review suggests that multipotent neural crest cells that disperse ventrally upon separation from the neural tube preserve neurogenic ability and lose melanogenic ability, whereas those cells that are arrested at the entrance to the dorsolateral path lose neurogenic ability so that the population becomes primarily melanogenic. During the time that the latter population is arrested in migration it is speculated that the neural crest cells are exposed to an environment comprised of specific extracellular matrix molecules and/or growth factors that enhance pigment cell differentiation.
色素细胞是源自神经嵴的多种细胞类型之一。本综述重点关注控制色素细胞迁移至表皮的时间和途径的机制，以及控制色素细胞分化的决定因素。有几个因素可能控制色素细胞在背外侧空间迁移的时间和模式，包括迁移途径中抑制分子的丧失、分散的生皮节发出的趋化分子的出现，以及色素细胞的分化，色素细胞可能是唯一能够利用背外侧途径中发现的基质的神经嵴衍生物。色素细胞分化的控制仍存在争议。本综述中提出的一个工作模型表明，从神经管分离后向腹侧分散的多能神经嵴细胞保留神经发生能力并丧失黑素生成能力，而那些在背外侧途径入口处停滞的细胞则丧失神经发生能力，从而使细胞群体主要变为黑素生成细胞。推测在后一种细胞群体迁移停滞期间，神经嵴细胞暴露于由特定细胞外基质分子和/或生长因子组成的环境中，这些分子和因子会促进色素细胞的分化。
